310 likes | 319 Views
Chapter 23 Section 1. War Breaks Out in Europe World War I. Causes of WWI - MANIA. M ilitarism A lliances N ationalism I mperialism A ssassination. M ilitarism. Belief that a nation needs strong military It is also a glorification of the military and war itself. A lliances.
E N D
Chapter 23 Section 1 War Breaks Out in Europe World War I
Causes of WWI - MANIA • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination
Militarism • Belief that a nation needs strong military • It is also a glorification of the military and war itself
Alliances • Signed treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor • Basically, countries agreed to help each other
Nationalism • Pride and patriotism in one’s nation • In terms of WWI, nationalism became aggressive and because of this a major cause of international tension • Independent nations desired dominance and prestige • rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War
Imperialism • Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region • Due to the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, some European nations had a large portion of the world under their control
Causes of World War I • Militarism– Belief that a nation needs strong military. Europeans built up their armies and navies enormously • Alliances– Entangled network of alliances, meaning an attack on one nation would bring all of its allies to its aid. Small conflicts could become larger war. • Nationalism– Europeans were nationalistic – meaning they had feelings of pride and loyalty. Desire to prove their nation was best. • Imperialism– European countries competed for colonies in Africa and Asia. Germany felt it deserved more colonies.
Assassination • The “spark” that started WWI • On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria Hungarian Throne was assassinated by GavriloPrincip, a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia
Assassination of the Archduke • Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) assassinated by GavriloPrincip(Serbian) while visiting Sarajevo • Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia – then declares war on Serbia
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Bosnia, on June 28, 1914
GavriloPrincipafter his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The Point of No Return • Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. • Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. • Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
Germany declares war on Russia • France pledges their support for Russia • Germany declares war on France • Germany invades Belgium on the way to France • Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany
Steps Toward World War I • June 28, 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, assassinated by a young Serbian man. • July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • July 30 – Russia (Serbia’s ally) mobilizes armed forces • August 1 – Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declares war on Russia • August 3 – Germany declares war on France (Russia’s ally); prepares invasion of Belgium • August 4 – Britain, pledging to protect Belgium, declares war on Germany • August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia • August 12 – France and Britain declare war on Austria-Hungary
Sides are set… • Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria • Allied Powers – Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, seven others
The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The War Begins • Speedy war expected (“We’ll be home by Christmas”) • War of “glory” expected • All had belief in victory – “God is on our side”
Schlieffen Plan: • Germany would attack fast by going through neutral Belgium along the coast and defeat France quickly • Then take on Russia in the East. • Germany did NOT want to fight a war on two fronts!
The reality of War – The Western Front • Hopes of quick war gives way to stalemate along the Western Front– Trench Warfare • Soldiers fought each other from dug out trenches • Would storm each other’s trenches • Very bloody and each side would gain very little land • Advanced about one mile per month https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU
Trench Conditions • Trenches were infested by rats and disease • Dead bodies littered the ground • Food was scarce and sleep was almost impossible due to constant artillery blasts
“The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud”
Homework ¾ Page hand-written • Research Trench Warfare • Gain a feeling for what it was like living, sleeping, and fighting in these trenches for both sides • Write a letter to loved one from the trenches • Explaining your surroundings and overall feelings during this experience (see? smell? hear? taste? feel?) • Compare and contrast how you thought the war would be to how it really is