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Chapter 23 Section 3. Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq. Syria. Always been a prosperous land Damascus (Capital) Farmlands Cotton, wheat, fruit, and vegetables Methods are OUTDATED 1/3 of country is irrigated Rainfall is unreliable People are moving to the cities and giving up farming
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Chapter 23 Section 3 Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq
Syria • Always been a prosperous land • Damascus (Capital) • Farmlands • Cotton, wheat, fruit, and vegetables • Methods are OUTDATED • 1/3 of country is irrigated • Rainfall is unreliable • People are moving to the cities and giving up farming • Government Response • Building Dams • Problems with Turkey and dams up river
Syria cont… • 1970 General Hafez al-Assad takes power • Makes ALL political and economic decisions • 2000 his son Bashar Assad takes over • Begins to reform • Market-based economy system • Pressure from the U.S. gets him to pull out from Lebanon in 2005
Iraq • Fertile Crescent and Civilization • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Grow grains, fruits, and vegetables • Oil discovery in 1920’s • Spent billions of dollars to develop the country • Airports, roads, schools, universities, hospitals, dams, industry, and rebuilt ancient city of Baghdad
Iraq cont… • Series of Conflicts • Saddam Hussein • Iran-Iraq War, 1980 • Both sides severely damaged – huge debt • Persian Gulf War, 1991 • Invasion of Kuwait for oil reserves • Iraqi Freedom, 2003 • Threat to “National Security” • Removal of Saddam and start of Democracy