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GEOLOGIC TIME

GEOLOGIC TIME. Geologic Time. Early Attempts to estimate the age of the Earth:. 1664 – Archibishop Ussher 9:00am Sat., Oct. 23, 4004 BC led to school of thought called catastrophism 1785 – James Hutton “no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of end” led to uniformitarianism.

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GEOLOGIC TIME

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  1. GEOLOGIC TIME

  2. Geologic Time Early Attempts to estimate the age of the Earth: • 1664 – Archibishop Ussher • 9:00am Sat., Oct. 23, 4004 BC • led to school of thought called • catastrophism • 1785 – James Hutton • “no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of end” • led to uniformitarianism 1899 – John Joly 100 my based on salinity of ocean Early 1900’s – Lord Kelvin 20 – 40 my based on heat flow Siccar Point, Scotland

  3. Geologic Time Relative Dating: • Nicholaus Steno (1669): • Principle of Superposition

  4. Geologic Time

  5. Geologic Time Relative Dating: • Nicholaus Steno (1669): • Principle of Superposition • Principle of Original Horizontality

  6. Geologic Time

  7. Geologic Time Relative Dating: • Nicholaus Steno (1669): • Principle of Superposition • Principle of Original Horizontality • Principle of Lateral Continuity

  8. Geologic Time

  9. Geologic Time Relative Dating: • Nicholaus Steno (1669): • Principle of Superposition • Principle of Original Horizontality • Principle of Lateral Continuity • Later: • Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

  10. Geologic Time

  11. Geologic Time Relative Dating: • Nicholaus Steno (1669): • Principle of Superposition • Principle of Original Horizontality • Principle of Lateral Continuity • Later: • Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships • Principle of Faunal Succession

  12. Geologic Time

  13. Geologic Time

  14. Geologic Time

  15. Geologic Time

  16. Geologic Time Absolute Dating:

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  23. Geologic Time Football field 1 foot Thickness of one blade of grass Uplift of the San Juan Mtns. All recorded history Extinction of the dinosaurs Precambrian 20 40 30 10 10 20 40 50 30 1 13

  24. Geologic Time • Imagine compressing all of Earth’s 4.5 by history into a single year. On this scale: • oldest rocks found date from about mid-March • living things first appeared in the sea in May • land plants & animals emerged in late November • dinosaurs became dominant in mid-December, but disappeared on the 26th , about time Rocky Mtns first uplifted • Manlike creatures appeared sometime during the evening of Dec. 31st • most recent ice sheets began to recede from Great Lakes about 1 minute 15 seconds before midnight • Rome ruled the Western world for 5 seconds from 11:59:45 to 11:59:50 • Columbus discovered America 3 seconds before midnight • the science of geology was born with the writings of James Hutton one second before the end of our hypothetical year

  25. Geologic Time • Image representing all of Earth’s history by a one hour movie, filmed at 16 frames / second. In this movie: • life on earth would only be viewed for the last seven minutes • dinosaurs would be seen walking the earth for one minute, starting 2 minutes before the movie’s end • humans would appear in the last frame of the last second of our movie

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