Body Cavities

2. Body Cavities • 2 major cavities • Ventral cavities • Dorsal cavities • Other cavities: oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear, & synovial

3. Dorsal Cavity • Posterior region of body • 2 regions • Cranial cavity (skull): supports and protects brain • Vertebral (spinal) Cavity: supports and protects spinal cord

4. Ventral Cavities • Anterior region of trunk • Serosa: thin membrane that covers the wall of cavity and outer surface of its organs • Parietal serosa: lines cavity wall • Visceral serosa: covers organ

5. Ventral Cavities cont. • 2 regions • 1)Thoracic cavity: subdivided • contains lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes • Region between lungs = mediastinum

6. Ventral Cavities cont. • 2 regions • 2)Abdominopelvic cavity: subdivided • A) Abdominal cavity: superior portion of abdominopelvic cavity • Stomach, intestine, spleen, liver • B) Pelvic cavity:inferior to abdominal cavity; bladder, reproductive organs, & rectum • Serosa is called peritoneum

7. Other Cavities (Smaller Cavities) • Oral= teeth & tongue • Nasal = within nose; left and right side divided by nasal septum • Orbital = contains eyes & associated muscles and nerves • Middle ear = contains ossicles (ear bones)

9. Planes of Section Transverse Section Coronal Section Sagittal Section

10. Transverse Section (Plane)(Cross-Section) • Runs horizontally at right angle to the vertical axis • It divides the structure into superior and inferior regions

11. Sagittal Section (Plane) • Runs longitudinally (lengthwise) and divides the body into left and right regions • Midsagittal (median section) = cut is made down the median plane of body and left and right parts are equal in size

12. Coronal (Frontal) Section (Plane) • Runs longitudinally but at a right angle to sagittal plane • It divides the body into anterior and posterior regions

13. Directional Terms

14. Directional Terms

15. Directional Terms

16. Directional Terms

17. Directional Terms

18. Anatomy • Study of structure of the body & relationship of its parts • Subdivisions • Gross Anatomy: study of anatomic structures visible to unaided eye • Descriptive Anatomy: study of individual body parts in an ordered fashion. i.e. nervous system • Regional Anatomy: study of limited portions or region of the body. i.e. head & neck region

19. Anatomy Subdivisions cont. • Applied Anatomy: application of anatomic findings to diagnosis & treatment of medical disorders • Comparative Anatomy: comparison of the structure of different animals and plants • Pathologic Anatomy: study of abnormal, diseased or injured tissue

20. Anatomy Subdivisions cont. • Microanatomy: study of anatomic structures using a microscope • Cytology: study of cellular structure • Molecular biology: study of structures at subcellular level • Histology: microscopic study of tissues

21. Anatomy subdivisions cont. • Developmental Anatomy: Study of structural changes from conception • 2 subdivisions: • Embryology: study of developmental changes before birth • Gerontology: study of structural changes that accompany aging

22. Cell Diversity