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Civil War Conclusions, Effects and Reconstruction

Civil War Conclusions, Effects and Reconstruction. Life of a Civil War Soldier. Months of service away from home Inadequate food and shelter Frequently ate “hardtack” Coffee was the most valuable supply Disease and unsanitary conditions More men died of disease than in battle

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Civil War Conclusions, Effects and Reconstruction

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  1. Civil War Conclusions, Effects and Reconstruction

  2. Life of a Civil War Soldier • Months of service away from home • Inadequate food and shelter • Frequently ate “hardtack” • Coffee was the most valuable supply • Disease and unsanitary conditions • More men died of disease than in battle • Many days spent marching with equipment • Boredom • Sheer terror fighting on the battlefield

  3. Anocanda Plan Fully blockade all the coasts and cut off the South from all supplies. Control the Mississippi River and separate confederate states. Capture the capital city of Richmond Virginia. Destroy civilian morale by capturing and destroying the cities of Atlanta and Savannah. The North will use it’s advantage in numbers of troops to fight the South everywhere and break the spirits of the Confederacy.

  4. Emancipation Proclamation Actually applied only to the Southern states that were in rebellion. The Union victory at Antietam provided the timing for Lincoln to issue the Proclamation. Changed the focus of the war from preserving the Union to fighting to get rid of the institution of slavery. Prevented foreign intervention from Britain and France. Paved the way for total abolition of slavery.

  5. Massachusetts 54th First military unit to be raised during the Civil War consisting of all black soldiers. After the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1862, many freed black men signed up to fight. Massachusetts was the first state to put together an all black regiment. Controversy in that many people wondered if black men could and should fight a “white man’s war”. Controversy continued with the idea of having black officers lead the troops.

  6. 1stBattle of Bull Run Manassas Virginia July 21st, 1861 1st official battle of the Civil War, fought just a few miles from Washington DC. People had a picnic and gathered to watch what they assumed would be the only battle of the Civil War. General McDowell vs. Generals Johnston and Beauregard Confederate victory

  7. Antietam Sharpsburg, Maryland September 16-18, 1862 September 17th is the single bloodiest day in American military history General McClellan vs. General Lee Inconclusive victory

  8. Shiloh Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee April 6-7, 1862 Attack on the Union on a piece of land along the Tennessee River Generals Buell and Grant vs. Generals Johnston and Beauregard Union victory

  9. Fredricksburg Virginia December 11-15, 1862 Largest and deadliest of the Civil War, over 200,000 people fought. General Burnside vs. General Lee Confederate Victory

  10. Vicksburg Mississippi May 18th-July 4th 1863 Battle to control a strategic location along the Mississippi River General Grant vs. General Pemberton Union victory

  11. Gettysburg Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863 General Lee’s second attempt to invade the North will fail and is considered to be a true turning point in the war. The North defends against Pickett’s Charge to claim victory General Meade vs. General Lee

  12. Gettysburg Address Given by President Lincoln on November 19, 1863 to dedicate the Soldier’s Cemetery at the Gettysburg battle site. Lincoln spoke for just over 2 minutes and gave one of his most famous speeches in 272 words. “Four score and seven years ago……”

  13. Sherman’s March to the Sea Georgia November 15-December 21, 1864 Following the siege and victory in Atlanta, General Sherman marched his troops across Georgia to capture the city and port of Savannah Changed military tactics by operating deep within enemy territory Often criticized for burning and pillaging Southern land

  14. Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Appomattox County, Virginia April 9, 1865 General Lee found his troops to be completely surrounded and decided to surrender the army of Northern Virginia. Fighting still continued after this and no official document would ever be signed to end the war. Confederate soldiers were allowed to return home and Union soldiers were not allowed to outwardly celebrate their victory.

  15. Robert E Lee:Commander of the Confederate Troops

  16. Ulysses S Grant:Commander of the Union Troops and 18th President of the U.S

  17. Lincoln is assassinated On April 15th, 1865 at Ford’s Theater in Washington DC while watching “Our American Cousin” By John Wilkes Booth-an actor and Southern sympathizer. Only 5 days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Lincoln is carried across the street and dies during the night from gun shot wounds.

  18. John Wilkes Booth

  19. Reconstruction • Designed by Lincoln to bring the South back to the Union to as normal as possible. • Lincoln would issue a pardon to any Southern state that would swear an oath to the Constitution and the Union • Lincoln dies and Vice President Andrew Johnson takes control of Reconstruction Plans. • Constitutional Reconstruction: • 1863-1869 • Radical Reconstruction: • 1869-1877 • Controlled by the Radical Republicans • Believed in the equality of Freedmen and wanted to punish the Confederacy

  20. Impeached for his role in Reconstruction and almost removed from office.

  21. Carpetbaggers:Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War

  22. Freedman’s Bureau Formed to protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War. The Southern states were divided into 10 districts in which military occupation would occur and the Bureau would work within these districts to distribute aid. “40 acres and a mule” In many cases, the Bureau worked as a political machine and as a way to organize the new black voters to vote for Republicans.

  23. Black Codes Granted basic rights to newly freed blacks (the right to marry, own property) Allowed for the segregation of public facilities Placed incredible restrictions on the freedman’s status as a laborer This would also allow an organization such as the KKK to rise and become powerful

  24. New Amendments 13th Amendment: Abolishes the institution of slavery. 14th Amendment: Grants citizenship to newly freed slaves. 15th Amendment: Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color or previous condition of servitude.

  25. Total cost of war • Approximately 2.5 million troops on both sides fought in the war • 620,000 men died during the war • 375,000 soldiers were wounded • Overall, the war cost $8 billion. • $6 billion was spent by the North • Approx. $2.5 million was spent each day during the war.

  26. Effects of the War Southern economy is destroyed-many Southerners live in poverty. Most African Americans still live in poverty, although the Constitution is changed to provide equality. Northern carpetbaggers “help” rebuild the South Violence and racism continues-rise of the KKK.

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