DESEGREGATION

1. DESEGREGATION OVERVIEW

2. Plessy v Fergussen Overview Separate but Equal One drop laws NEXT TOPIC

3. Separate but Equal • The separate but equal doctrine allowed public places to be completely segregated. Rest rooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, and trains. • Often these facilities were separate, but not exactly equal.

4. One Drop Laws • This dictated that if an individual has as much as one drop of minority blood in their heritage, that person was deemed a minority. • Plessy was one-eighth black, meaning one of his great-grand parents was black, with all other lineage being white.

5. Overview Plessy, a minority under the one drop laws, attempted to challenge the ‘Separate but Equal’ doctrine, by boarding a ‘white’ train. He was discovered and arrested, most likely this was his plan from the outset. The courts upheld his arrest which was what those who had staged this incident had desired.

6. Brown v Board of Education • Linda Brown • Oliver Brown • NAACP • Thurgood Marshall • Dr. Hugh Speer NEXT TOPIC

7. Linda Brown Linda Brown was a grade school student in Topeka, KS. She lived close to a ‘white’ school, but was enrolled in a black school further away.

8. Oliver Brown Father of Linda Brown, he attempted to enroll his daughter in the closer school. This attempt was denied by the principal. He took his case to the NAACP.

9. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The NAACP had developed a strategy to dismantle segregation. They began with higher education and began working their way down. They were eager for a case to take to court, the Brown case came at the perfect time.

10. Thurgood Marshall The lead lawyer for the NAACP team that would take the Brown case to the Supreme Court. He was practiced in front of the Supreme Court having appeared there multiple times previous to this case.

11. Dr. Hugh Speer Provided valuable testimony for the Brown case. His testimony suggested that segregated schools did not prepare students for the reality of a world with multiple races.

12. Virginia Response • Harry Flood Byrd • Massive Resistance BEGIN QUIZ

13. Harry Flood Byrd Senator Harry Byrd initiated a state of Massive Resistance to the Supreme Court ruling. This campaign was adopted by many other southern states. His goal was to use interposition, propaganda, political insurgency, and coerced conformity to combat the Supreme Court mandate to integrate schools.

14. Massive Resistance This campaign, began by Virginia senator Harry Byrd was adopted by many southern states and was used to openly oppose desegregation of public schools. This resistance was non-violent allowing for a more peaceful desegregation over a longer timeline when compared to the more violent responses in other states.

15. What standard did Plessy hope to challenge? • State’s Rights • Separate but Equal • Restaurant Menus

16. INCORRECT

17. CORRECT

18. What standard did Plessy hope to challenge? • Separate but Equal Plessy v Fergusen failed to overturn this doctrine.

19. What lawyer lead the case for Brown? • Harry Byrd • Chris Webber • Thurgood Marshall

20. CORRECT

21. What lawyer lead the case for Brown? • Thurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall was the young lawyer to take the case to the Supreme Court.

22. Who Began Massive Resistance? • Harry Byrd • Hugh Speer • Moses Malone

23. CORRECT

24. Who Began Massive Resistance? • Harry Byrd Harry Byrd began Massive Resistance to the Supreme Court ruling to integrate Public Schools.

25. Learning made possible by John McMeekin. Important help provided by the sources.