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In-Text Citations

In-Text Citations . 3 Different Types of Information. Quotation – another person’s actual spoken or written words (copied word for word)

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In-Text Citations

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  1. In-Text Citations

  2. 3 Different Types of Information • Quotation– another person’s actual spoken or written words (copied word for word) • Paraphrase (and Summarize) – taking what someone has said and putting it in your own words (rewording it while keeping the same ideas – make sure that you aren’t just rearranging or replacing a couple of words) • Common Knowledge – facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be known by a lot of people

  3. Q. So which types of information do you think you need to cite? Why? • You need to cite quotations and paraphrases because you are including the ideas of others in your work and your reader may want to check your source or read the rest of that source. You do not have to cite common knowledge because it is something that most people know, something that you know, and something that you assume your audience knows – plus, since you know it, you didn’t pull he information from a source

  4. Format of Citation Format of a quotation citation Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

  5. Format of Citation Format of a quotation citation NOTICE that: • - nothing goes inside the quotation marks except the quotation itself (NO PUNCTUATION) • - you always include the author and page number (whether it is in the quotation itself or in the parenthetical citation) • - parenthetical citation comes at the end of the sentence • - punctuation concludes the sentence (it comes after the quotation marks and after the parenthetical citation)

  6. Format of Citation Format of a paraphrase citation Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). While acknowledging the importance of her family’s help through her illnesses, she mentions her dependence quickly and quietly so she can move on to a more comfortable topic (Bethman 19).

  7. Format of Citation Format of a paraphrase citation NOTICE that: • - there are no quotation marks • - it follows the same general rules as a quotation (author and page number at the end of the sentence, punctuation concluding the sentence

  8. Cary Henderson describes these “really awful” mood swings as one of the “bewildering” aspects of Alzheimer’s (32). An example of severe changes in the disposition of a person with Alzheimer’s can be found in John Haugse’sHeavy Snow. Not only does Haugse write “Dad’s moods changed rapidly and without warning,” but he shows the physical change in facial and body language through his illustrations (36). The once pleasant, social man turns into a sneering, hunched over, Gollum-like figure while another frame shows him clenching his fist, shouting in response to a reference about selling his house. Witnessing similar transformations in my gram, I knew the combination of sundowner’s syndrome with the nighttime interview put her at a higher risk for an aggressive outburst due to the build up of her “frustrations and sensory stimulation” during the day (Kessler 199).

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