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Structure of Genetic Material

Structure of Genetic Material. Chromatin. Genetic material in the nucleus Made up of DNA and proteins Thread-like and uncondensed Appears grainy. Chromosomes. Genetic material Formed from condensation of chromatin Formed during prophases of mitosis and meiosis I

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Structure of Genetic Material

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  1. Structure of Genetic Material

  2. Chromatin • Genetic material in the nucleus • Made up of DNA and proteins • Thread-like and uncondensed • Appears grainy

  3. Chromosomes • Genetic material • Formed from condensation of chromatin • Formed during prophases of mitosis and meiosis I • Consists of a centromere and two identical replicated strands, called chromatids

  4. Chromatid • Each of the two identical chromosomes strands • In a replicated chromosome attached by centromere

  5. Karyotype • A chart • Number and form of chromosomes in a cell • Determine whether chromosomes of an individual is normal in number and structure

  6. Homologous Chromosomes • A pair of chromosomes that each carry genes for the same trait at the same location on the chromosome • One is inherited from the mother, the other from the father

  7. DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double helix • “Twisted Ladder” • Two sides of the ladder are made up of a repeating sequence of sugar and phosphate groups • The rungs of the ladder are composed of a pair of nitrogenous bases • Four bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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