Charles V, 1500-1558, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain

1. Charles V, 1500-1558, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain

2. Inner court of the Charles V Palace in Granada

3. Charles V Trivia • He suffered from an enlarged lower jaw, a deformity which got considerably worse in later Habsburg generations. He struggled to chew his food properly and consequently experienced bad indigestion for much of his life, As a result he usually ate alone. • He was afraid of mice and spiders. • He was obsessed with clocks and instructed his servants to take them apart and reassemble them in his presence. • In his retirement, he was carried around the monastery of St. Yuste in a sedan chair. A ramp was specially constructed to allow him easy access to his rooms. • He passed his time fishing from his window on the first floor and enjoying the smell of incense drifting on the breeze from the abbey church

4. Philip II, King of Spain He inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and all colonies in the Americas from his father, Charles V, when he died. When his uncle, the King of Portugal died, he seized that kingdom too (which included parts of Africa, India, and the East Indies

5. The American mines provided most of Spain’s wealth. By 1600 it supplied 339,000 pounds of gold, and between 1550 – 1650, 16,000 tons of silver (32 million pounds). The king’s share was between 20-25% of every shipload taken out of the New WorldBecause of this wealth, Spain kept a standing army of 50,000.

6. Philip believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the Muslims and Protestants • Philip was married to Mary Tudor (“Bloody Mary”), but he never stepped foot in England! • When Mary, Queen of Scots, (a different Mary) was beheaded by Elizabeth, Philip sent his Armada to punish England, but was defeated by the quicker, more mobile English fleet. Only ½ of original 130 returned to Spain.

7. Drake playing bowls in Plymouth as the Spanish Armadaarrives

8. Philip’s palace, El Escorial

10. The Library

11. The ceiling of the library

12. Tombs of all the Spanish Kings, Queens, and many of their children

13. Inflation was a problem during Philip’s reign. • Because so much silver flooded the market, its value went down (so it took more silver than before to buy something. • By expelling the Jews & Muslims (the Reconquista & Inquisition) they lost businesspeople that had been an important tax base. Also nobles didn’t pay taxes. Because the lower classes were shouldering this burden they could never get ahead to form their own businesses. Therefore, Spain never developed a middle class!!

14. Goods manufactured outside of Spain were very popular. Consequently, much silver & gold left Spain to go to those countries. • Wars were costly and even though Spain had lots of money coming in from the Americas, they needed to borrow large sums from lenders. 40% of all money spent by the crown went towards paying the interest! • The economy was in such bad shape that 3 times Philip had to declare Spain bankrupt!

15. Philip ruled the Netherlands. The economy was booming due to the expanding trade structure that had been developing in the Netherlands. • Since they were Protestants, instituting a heavy tax against them wasn’t a hard thing to do. • When the Protestants became resistive, Philip let loose the Duke of Alba. In one day in 1568, 1,500 Protestants were executed on suspicion of being rebels.

16. Armadaarrives – so do the English

17. Sir Francis Drake

18. Goya, FranciscoSt Francis Borja at the Deathbed of an Impenitent1788

19. Goya, FranciscoDuchess of Alba1797

20. El GrecoThe Burial of Count Orgasz158615 X 12 Feet

21. El GrecoSt. Louis, King of France1587-973 x 4 Feet

22. El GrecoSt. Jerome, cardinal1587-973 x 4 Feet

23. Diego Velazquez Joseph's Bloody Coat Brought to Jacob 1630 7 x 8 Feet

24. Rembrandt – Self Portrait

25. Rembrandt van Rijn"The man with the golden helmet"c. 165019 x 25 inches

26. Rembrandt van Rijn“The Slaughtered Ox"c. 165019 x 25 inches

27. Jan VermeerView of Delft16603 x 4 Feet

28. Jan VermeerThe Music Lesson 16622 x 2 ½ Feet

29. Jan Vermeer“Lady writing a letter with her maid” 167023 x 27 inches

30. Jan Vermeer“Lady standing at a piano” 167017 x 25 inches

31. Jan VermeerGirl with the Pearl Earring1665 15 x 18 inches

32. Frans HalsThe Laughing Cavalier 1624

33. Saenredam, Pieter JanszThe Old Town Hall in Amsterdam, 1657

34. Adriaen van OstadeAn Alchemist – 1664 13 x 17 inches

35. Absolute Monarch – believed that all power within their state’s boundaries rested in their hands. Goal was to control all aspects of their society. • Divine Right – God created the monarch and that the monarch acted as Gods rep on earth – answerable only to God