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Development and Quality of Life

Development and Quality of Life. Development. A progressive process aimed at achieving economic growth and as a result, a conducive environment for individuals to enjoy a decent standard of living and quality of lif e. SoL & QoL. Standard of living (SoL): Living conditions OR

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Development and Quality of Life

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  1. Development and Quality of Life

  2. Development • A progressive process aimed at achieving economic growth • and as a result, a conducive environment for individuals • to enjoy a decent standard of living and quality of life

  3. SoL & QoL • Standard of living (SoL): • Living conditions OR • A measure of the quality and quantity of resources available to people and the way these resources are distributed within a population • Quality of life (QoL): • The degree of satisfaction that an individual or a group of people have with their living conditions and lifestyle

  4. Indicators of Development

  5. Indicators of Development

  6. Income per capita • Gross National Product (GNP) • Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens of a country in a given year. • Includes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens and non-citizens in a country in a given year. • Excludes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country

  7. Employment Structure • Primary Industries • Industries that extract natural resources from the Earth • Secondary Industries • Industries that convert natural resources into useful products • Tertiary Industries • Industries that provide services

  8. Life Expectancy • Refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live in a particular country

  9. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) • Refers to the number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 live births in a year

  10. Urban Population • Refers to the percentage of people living in an urban area

  11. Adult Literacy Rate • Refers to the percentage of population aged 15 and above who are able to read, write and understand simple statements.

  12. Human Development Index (HDI) • Refers to a composite index that range from 0 – 1 to rank countries by level of human development and separate developed, developing and less developed countries • Combines GDP per capita, adult literacy rate and life expectancy • The closer the index is to 1, the higher the development

  13. Quiz 1: Describe the development of the world measured by the HDI. [?] HDI 2009

  14. Factors Affecting Development

  15. Factors • Social • Education • Population growth rate • Environmental • Natural disasters • Climate • Historical Reason • Colonialism • Economic • Raw materials • Cumulative causation • Political Reasons • Political conflict • Leadership

  16. Social ~ Education • Countries with low literacy will face difficulties in achieving development. • Low literacy rates is common among LDCs as the children have fewer opportunities for education because their parents cannot afford to send them to school OR • The number of schools may be limited or there may be a lack of teachers and inadequate facilities • This will result in slow and low development as people with little education face more difficulties learning new skills and technology, leading to a shortage of skilled labour thereby slowing down the development of higher value secondary and tertiary industries

  17. Social ~ Population Growth • The lack of education usually result in the lack of family planning which lead to large family sizes and overpopulation • Overpopulation may lead to insufficient food, housing and healthcare facilities hence resulting in undevelopment

  18. Environmental ~ Natural Disasters • Both DCs and LDCs are subjected to natural disasters • However DCs have the resources to recover from natural disasters faster than LDCs.

  19. Environmental ~ Climate • Countries that experiences favorable climates are more likely to be developed countries • Cool and moist climate of Canada and USA allowed the growing of many important crops such as wheat and oat, which can be consumed or exported • Countries that experiences unfavorable climates are more likely to be less developed countries

  20. Raw materials • Countries with rich raw materials tend to be able to achieve development faster as • Wealth from the raw materials can be invested to develop the country and raise the quality of life

  21. Political Conflict • Countries with unstable environments such as frequent wars and social unrest will deter investors, leading to lack of resources for development

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