Future Circular Collider Physics Highlights

FCCPhysics highlights M. Koratzinos On behalf of the FCC study LHC PS SPS FCC http://cern.ch/fcc 24 August 2019 Work supported by the European Commission under the HORIZON 2020 projects EuroCirCol, grant agreement 654305;EASITrain, grant agreement no. 764879; ARIES, grant agreement 730871; and E-JADE, contract no. 645479 photo: J. Wenninger

Acknowledgements We should not forget the pioneers of the modern circular Higgs factory idea: Roy Aleksan, Alain Blondel, John Ellis, Patrick Janot, Frank Zimmermann,that promoted the idea when it was not fashionable A. Blondel F. Zimmermann M. Koratzinos J. Ellis P. Janot R. Aleksan I have taken material liberally from the CDR and from various talks, notably from Patrick Janot • FCC in this conference: • Katsunobu Oide: FCC status, previous talk • Mike Koratzinos: FCC-ee physics opportunities

Contents • FCC aspires to provide physics topics to our community well into the 2080s… • I will here touch a very selective (and personal) list of physics topics, concentrating on FCC-ee(which comes first) • Higgs couplings, higgs self coupling • Top mass • Electroweak precision observables • ECM energy determination • Sterile neutrinos • (some) comparisons with other projects M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

FCC study: CDR released on 15 January 2019 Four CDR volumes 10-page documents I will only give a teaser here! M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

The FCC integrated project  FCC-ee first, followed by FCC-hh F. Gianotti 15/1/2019 M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

The physics landscape • SM very successful • We know today that the SM is not the full story and needs to be extended to explain indisputable observations (there are also theoretical issues) • Theory does not give clear guidance • The answer might lie in high energy scales or low couplings, beyond the reach of LHC. • No easy way forward • Our approach: measure, measure, measure Higgs sector Exotic EW sector M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

A note on precision • The strategy behind all (e+e-) future colliders is to measure as many parameters which are sensitive to new physics as possible • HOWEVER: we need to have a measuring power which is better than the expected signal! For example: Higgs couplings: most extensions to the standard model predict deviations from the standard model of the order of 1%. It is imperative, therefore, to build a machine that can probe these quantities to order ~0.1% ILC The LHC cannot distinguish between models, even if it could measure a deviation Composite Higgs models with a new physics scale limited to 2TeV M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

The FCC-ee accelerator • Circular accelerator with the largest reasonable size – 100 kms. Luminosity is proportional to circumference • Synchrotron radiation power limited to 100MW at all energies. Luminosity is proportional to SR power • Separate beam-pipes for electrons and positrons – gives much more flexibility • Full size booster (a third ring) for top-up injection – beam lifetimes are very short • Collision at an angle (“crab waist” scheme) of 30 mrad to minimize beam-beam interaction • Asymmetric “moustache” IR layout and optics to limit synchrotron radiation towards the detector • The design can be modified to a 4-IP layout if needed • FCC-ee can deliver excellent luminosities at the Z peak (ECM 91 GeV), the WW threshold (160 GeV), the ZH maximum (240 GeV) and the tt threshold (365 GeV) M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Physics goals of FCC • We start with (FCC-ee) • Higgs couplings • EW measurements • Rare decays • Rare processes • We continue with (FCC-hh) • Direct mass reach • Measurements that still have insufficient precision with FCC-ee (for instance Higgs self-coupling) M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

The FCC-ee accelerator – interesting facts The FCC-ee accelerator is not simply a bigger LEP! It is a modern synchrotron that pushes the design envelope to the maximum. • The luminosity is so high that the beams burn up very quickly (beam lifetime 12 minutes at the ZH). Mandatory to use a full-size booster – the injector is the same size as the main ring and injects at top energy) • Full LEP physics dataset every 2 minutes! • Beam energy will be known to (much) better than 100keV, whereas the (gravitational) effect of the moon passing overhead gives an energy change of 100MeV, one thousand times bigger. • The performance quoted in the CDR is not a paper exercise, it is fully backed by simulations, leading to stringent requirements:Colliding bunches must have the same charge to within 10% • Emittance blow up in the region ±2m from the IPs is equal to the emittance of the rest of the 100 kilometers – the area around the IP is very tricky and complex

A number of interesting questions: • Which part of the physics programme of FCC-ee is more important? The Higgs/top running or the Z/W running? • Is there any reason to repeat the LEP programme every 2 minutes? • Interplay between FCC-ee and FCC-hh • What does longitudinal polarization buy us?

FCC-ee collider parameters

Lepton collider luminosities - published All published numbers ZH 240 GeV ttbar 350 GeV Z 91 GeV WW 160 GeV c.m. energy [GeV]

Lepton collider luminosities - upgrades • Notes: • All these upgrades/downgrades are not in the baseline proposal (yet) • FCC-ee with 4 IPs is based on full beam-beam simulation • Luminosity goes up by a factor 1.7 • The ILC upgrades consist of doubling the number of bunches per pulse (third damping ring) and doubling the repetition frequency (more cryogenics) • LEP3 downgrade numbers are based on simulation results using an FCC-ee lattice and a tunnel length of 27 Kms with 4 IPs

FCC-ee physics opportunities FCC-ee will create vast physics opportunities due to its huge statistics and the centre-of-mass energy range it can cover (from 88 to 365GeV): • EW precision observable (EWPO) measurements sensitive to the 10-70TeV scale • Model-independent Higgs coupling measurements • Precise tests of flavourconservation/universality • Possible direct observation of very weakly coupled particles • Possible discovery of dark matter in invisible H or Z decays • … • 20 to 50 times improved precision on ALL electroweak observables • mZ, mW , mtop , GZ , sin2weff, Rb , QED(mz), s(mz mW mt), top EW couplings … • ~10 times more precise and model-independent Higgs couplings measurements FCC-ee is not only a Higgs factory! It is also a Z, W, and t factory

FCC-ee operation model and statistics • 185 physics days / year, 75% efficiency, -10% margin on luminosity Total : 15 years • Different projects use different definition for a ‘year’: • 1 ILC year = 1.5 FCC years M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

FCC as a higgs factory M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

The FCC-ee as a Higgs factory • Higgsstrahlung (e+e- → ZH) event rate largest at √s ~ 240 GeV : s ~200 fb • 106e+e- → ZH events with 5 ab-1 – cross section predicted with great accuracy • Target : (few) per-mil precision on couplings, statistics-limited. • Complemented with 200k events at √s = 365 GeV • Of which 30% in the WW fusion channel (useful for the GH precision) M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Absolute coupling and width measurement • Higgs tagged by a Z, Higgs mass from Z recoil • Total rate ∝ gHZZ2→ measure gHZZ to 0.2% • ZH → ZZZ final state ∝ gHZZ4 / GH→ measure GH to a couple % • ZH → ZXX final state ∝ gHXX2 gHZZ2 / GH→ measure gHXX to a few per-mil / per-cent • Empty recoil = invisible Higgs width; Funny recoil = exotic Higgs decays • Note: The HL-LHC is a great Higgs factory (109 Higgs produced) but … • si→f(observed) ∝ sprod (gHi)2 (gHf)2 / GH • Difficult to extract the couplings from cross sections (observable): sprod is uncertain and GH is largely unknown • Must do physics with ratios or with additional assumptions. Mass recoiling against a muon pair (determined from energy-momentum conservation) m- m+ e+e-→ HZ; Z →μμ; H→ hadrons M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Result of the “kappa” fit on Higgs couplings • 68% CL (exotic: 95% CL) • Model-independent fit • HL-LHC: out ‘best guess’ fit • Results for and are significantly improved by adding the WW fusion process at 365GeV. This in turn improves all coupling estimates • Same fit applied to all Higgs factories for an unbiased comparison • The FCC-eeimproves precision of HL-LHC by large factors (copious modes) • With no need for additional assumptions – best on the e+e- collider market • It is important to have two energy points (240 and 365 GeV) • Combination better by a factor 2 (4) than 240 (365) GeV alone M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

…and for the ultimate FCC-ee performance (4 IPs) • 68% CL (exotic: 95% CL) • Model-independent fit • HL-LHC: out ‘best guess’ fit • Results for and are significantly improved by adding the WW fusion process at 365GeV. This in turn improves all coupling estimates • Same fit applied to all Higgs factories for an unbiased comparison • The FCC-eeimproves precision of HL-LHC by large factors (copious modes) • With no need for additional assumptions – best on the e+e- collider market • It is important to have two energy points (240 and 365 GeV) • Combination better by a factor 2 (4) than 240 (365) GeV alone M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Number of Higgs bosons produced: FCC-ee: 106 FCC-eh: 2. 106 FCC-hh: 1010 F. Gianotti 15/1/2019 One-sigma precision reach at the FCC on the different Higgs coupling scaling factors within the κ-framework M. Koratzinos, IAS HKUST 2019

FCC at the top threshold M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Physics goals at the top threshold • Measurement of the top quark mass is a major goal of the FCC-ee physics programme • An energy scan around the top pair production threshold provides the highest accuracy • The tt production cross-section shape depends strongly on mtop but also on Γtop, αs and the top Yukawa coupling ytop • The resulting statistical uncertainty on mtop(Γtop) is 17 MeV (45 MeV) • The systematic error due to the knowledge of the ECM energy (10 MeV) is 3 MeV • The systematic error due to the uncertainty in αs (measured at low energies to 2×104 ) is 5MeV • The current status of the theory uncertainty from NNNLO calculations is of O(40 MeV) for the mass and the width. This is the dominant systematic error • The top Yukawa coupling could be extracted indirectly with a 10% uncertainty M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

FCC for electroweak precision observables M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

FCC-ee for EW precision observables • The low energy runs of FCC-ee (around the Z peak and WW threshold) give immense statistics • This, coupled to excellent ECM knowledge, excellent energy spread measurements and very good luminosity determination give unprecedented accuracy on EW precision observables. • Z run: statistics at the peak 91.2GeV, plus a scan at 87.7 and 93.9 (slightly different than LEP energies, dictated by the alpha_QED measurement) • WW run: 157.3 and 162.6 GeV, 12 ab-1 • tt run: top threshold scan, 340 to 350 GeV, ~10 points M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Selected EW observables, experimental precision Z pole WW thresh. tt thresh. -

Important features for precision – EWPO regime • Statistics • Very high statistics at the Z pole (70 kHz of visible Z decays) – we are systematics dominated at the Z! • Beam-induced backgrounds are mild compared to linear colliders, but not negligible • Detector readout must be able to cope with both • Luminosity measurement • Aim at 0.01% from small angle Bhabhas • Requires mm precision for LumiCal • Requires calculation/measurement of outgoing e± deflection from the opposite bunch • Need to study e+e- → gg to possibly reach 0.001% • √s calibration and measurement of √s spread • 50 keV “continuous” EBEAM measurement with resonant depolarization • Powerful cross checks from di-muonacollinearity and polarimeter/spectrometer • Requires muon angle measurement to better than 100 mrad • Flavour tagging • Beam pipe radius (15 mm) smaller than at linear collider (vertex detector 1st layer). 10 mm radius is currently investigated! • New CEPC studies claim Purity × Efficiency ~ 97% for H → bb. And at FCC-ee ? M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Energy measurement using the resonant depolarization method Unique to circular colliders Energy, E of an electron in a synchrotron, is proportional to spin tune, ν (number of times the average spin vector precesses in one revolution in a synchrotron), the electron rest mass and the ratio of anomalous to normal parts of the gyromagnetic ratio: Uncertainty dominated by the knowledge of the electron mass, corresponding to 7keV on the Z mass… M. Koratzinos, FCC week 2019 Brussels

The resonant depolarization method – instantaneous accuracy • In an accelerator, we need to deal with bunches of electrons, so their collective spin tune relates to the average energy of the whole bunch. • By depolarizing a previously polarized bunch (using a resonance) we can measure the (non-integer) part of the spin tune • Instantaneous accuracy is exquisite: 200keV Measurement over many turns, over the ensemble of particles • The problem: • natural polarization timescale is huge: 15 hours for 5% polarization • The polarized bunches are non-colliding bunches! • We need to extrapolate from an excellent instantaneous average energy determination of a non-colliding buch to the ECM at the experiments From the LEP campaign: 200 keV instantaneous accuracy M. Koratzinos, FCC week 2019 Brussels

Energy determination strategy experiments RF No effect. ECM lower than M. Koratzinos, FCC week 2019 Brussels A resonant depolarization measurement every 15 minutes for electrons and positrons (non-colliding bunches). This measures very precisely the average energy of the bunch over the whole ring. 10,000 measurements per year, 200keV error per measurement Tides alone change the bunch energy by 100MeV Extrapolate to the energy at each IP (RF model, impedance model) From beam energy to ECM energy: dispersion Energy spread: di-muon events

Energy spread determination M. Koratzinos, FCC week 2019 Brussels Use di-muon events: 1M events every 4 minutes at the Z Can determine the energy spread plus any electron-positron energy asymmetry from the longitudinal boost Continuous 35keV precision on energy spread

Combination of all EW measurements With mtop, mH and mW known, the standard model has nowhere to hide! Effect of BSM physics is to modify EW observables through quantum effects (cf top & H @ LEP) LEP + MH @LHC LHC (now) FCC-ee is here LHC (future) Standard model FCC-ee direct FCC-ee Z-pole

A note on attainable precision After FCC before FCC Prediction: Example: the W mass direct measurement: Essential to reduce theory error: necessitates calculation up to 3-4 loops. Effort has already started. 2 loop calculations finished – 3 loops started. There is good hope that the theory error can be reduced so that it does not dominate the calculations If only one ingredient is missing, the sensitivity to new physics may entirely vanish

Comment about longitudinal polarization • The FCC-ee e+ and e- beams will not be longitudinally polarized • Unlike at linear colliders where 80% polarized e- can be injected and accelerated • And, with some difficulty and money, may get 30% polarized e+ as well. • Effect of longitudinal polarization at 240/250 GeV for Higgs couplings • Polarization causes sHZ to increase by 1.4 (1.08) in e-Le+R (e-Re+L) configuration • Similar increase for the backgrounds (except for WW : 2.34 and 0.14) • Precision better by 20% with the same luminosity in the k fits • EFT fits benefit from different polarization states to constrain additional operators • At circular colliders, constraints come from EW precision measurements • Precision still better by ~20% or less with the same luminosity in the EFT fits • The only coupling for which polarization brings significant gain is gHZg Much better measured at hadron collider (e.g., FCC-hh) anyway • At the FCC-ee, longitudinal polarization is not worth the induced luminosity loss • NB. Without polarization, one year at the FCC-ee with 2 (4) IPs at √s = 240 GeV offers the same Higgs coupling precision as 8 (16) years with ILC polarized e+ and e+ • Similar remark holds for EWPO or top EW couplings measurements at other √s J. De Blas M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Comment about longitudinal polarization • The FCC-ee e+ and e- beams won’t be longitudinally polarized • Unlike at linear colliders where 80% polarized e- can be injected and accelerated • And, with more difficulty and money, may get 30% polarized e+ as well. • Effect of longitudinal polarization at 240/250 GeV for Higgs couplings • Polarization causes sHZ to increase by 1.4 (1.08) in e-Le+R (e-Re+L) configuration • Similar increase for the backgrounds (except for WW : 2.34 and 0.14) • Precision better by 20% with the same luminosity in the k fits (slide 21) • EFT fits benefit from different polarization states to constrain additional operators • At circular colliders, constraints come from EW precision measurements • Precision still better by ~20% or less with the same luminosity in the EFT fits • The only coupling for which polarization brings significant gain is gHZg Much better measured at hadron collider (e.g., FCC-hh) anyway • At the FCC-ee, long. polarization is not worth the induced luminosity loss • NB. Without polarization, one year at the FCC-ee with 2 (4) IPs at √s = 240 GeV offers the same Higgs coupling precision as 8 (16) years with ILC polarized e+ and e+ • Similar remark holds for EWPO or top EW couplings measurements at other √s Beam polarization brings no information that cannot be obtained otherwise. There is no obvious need for it. M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Does polarization buy a factor 2.5 in luminosity? • In several public presentations recently the claim was repeated that [longitudinal] beam polarization is equivalent to a factor of 2.5 in eﬀective luminosity. • This is very relevant to the comparison of linear and circular colliders, since (e-) polarization comes for free in linear colliders but is very expensive in circular machines • Comparison is a bit tricky as projects use different analyses and the combination with HL-LHC distorts the picture. • A recent analysis comparing like for like is available: P. Bambade et al., The International Linear Collider: A Global Project, 1903.01629, compilation of tables 18 and 19 Ratios as expected from the luminosity ratio Combination with HL-LHC, saturated There is no benefit of polarization, as long as FCC-ee adds the run at 350-365 GeV. Without this run, there is a benefit of 25-60% to weak gauge bosons and 20% to fermions (b,c, τ) and gluons. A: No

Is a √s = 500 GeV upgrade required/useful ? According to the white book of ESU 2013 : • The same arguments are used by some documents submitted to ESU 2020 • So, should we foresee an upgrade of FCC-ee at √s = 500 GeV ? • For the total width and the coupling to the top quark : the answer is NO (slides 19 and 22) – there is a much better prior measurement (HL-LHC) which becomes model-independent after 7 yers of FCC-ee higgs physics • For the Higgs self-coupling (kl): https://cds.cern.ch/record/1567295/ At energies of 500 GeV or higher, such a machine could explore the Higgs properties further, for example the coupling to the top quark, the self-coupling, and the total width. Z Z At √s = 500 GeV - h h Di-Higgs production kl kH h h At FCC-ee + sHZ kl M. McCullough arXiv:1312.3322 kl M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Higgs self-coupling at the FCC-ee • Effect of Higgs self coupling (kl) on sZH and snnH depends on √s • Two energy points lift off the degeneracy between dkZ and dkλ • Precision on kl with 2 IPs at the end of the FCC-ee (91+160+240+365 GeV) • Global EFT fit (model-independent) : ±34% (3σ); in the SM : ±12% • Precision on kl with 4 IPs : ±21% (EFT fit) (5σ); ±9% (SM fit) • ~5s discovery with 4 IPs instead of 2 – much less costly than 500 GeV upgrade (in time and funds, in view of FCC-hh) • And, most importantly • Only FCC-hh, in combination with FCC-ee, can measure ktop and kl to 1% and 5%, respectively. C. Grojean et al. arXiv:1711.03978 Up to 2% effect on sHZ Ds dkZ s A. Blondel, P. J. arXiv:1809.10041 M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Higgs self coupling – the holy grail A summary of the bounds on δκλ from global ﬁts for various future collider scenarios. Linear colliders do a better job, but • FCC data is collected in 7 years • ILC data in 20 ILC years (H20 scenario) All is surpassed by FCC-hh that can measure κλ to 5% Stefano Di Vita et al, “A global view on the Higgs self-coupling at lepton colliders” arXiv:1711.03978v1 [hep-ph] 10 Nov 2017 M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Direct discoveries – right-handed neutrinos • Right-handed neutrinos • nMSM : Complete particle spectrum with the missing three right-handed neutrinos • Could explain everything: Dark matter (N1), Baryon asymmetry, Neutrino masses • Search for in very rare Z → nN2,3 decays • Followed by N2,3 → W*𝓵 or Z*n • Very clean signture A. Blondel et al. arXiv:1411.5230 The SM The nMSM Very small nN mixing : long lifetime, detached vertex M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019 100

Sterile neutrino sensitivity High mass region: different FCC-ee limits for N3 (dashed) and N1+N2 (solid) FCC-ee EWPO

Precision ⟺ Discovery Sensitivity to new physics: Combining precision Higgs and EW measurements in SMEFT* Deviating operators may point to the new physics to be looked for at the FCC-hh FCC-ee reach for new physics: from typically 20TeV all the way to 70TeV Dark bars: neglecting theory uncertainties (*)SMEFT The Standard Model effective ﬁeld theory is a model-independent framework for parameterising deviations from the Standard Model in the absence of light states. • Higgs and EWPO measurements are well complementary • EWPO are more sensitive to heavy new physics (up to 50-70 TeV) • Larger statistics pays off for Higgs measurements – we are statistics limited at ZH (4 IPs ?) • Further improvement in theory predictions pays off for EWPO measurements M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

Flavour physics : B anomalies, t physics, … • Lepton flavour universality is challenged in b → s 𝓵+𝓵- transitions @ LHCb • This effect, if real, could be enhanced for 𝓵 = t, in B→ K(*)t+t- • Extremely challenging in hadron colliders • With 1012 Z → bb, FCC-ee is beyond any foreseeable competition • Decay can be fully reconstructed; full angular analysis possible • Not mentioning lepton-flavour-violating decays • BR(Z → et, mt) down to 10-9 (improved by 104) • BR(t → mg, mmm) down to a few 10-10 • t lifetime vs BR(t → enent,mnmnt) : lepton universality tests Also 100,000 BS → t+t- @ FCC-ee Reconstruction efficiency under study J.F. Kamenik et al. arXiv:1705.11106 - Invariant mass reconstruction of B0 → K*0tt with decay vertices reconstructed. Dominant backgrounds are also shown B0→ K* (892) t+t- ~SM FCC-ee workshop: Theory and Experiment

Unique at FCC-ee : First generation couplings • If schedule allows or calls for a prolongation of FCC-ee, can spend few years at √s = 125.09 GeV • For s-channel production e+e- → H (a la muon collider, with 104 higher lumi ) • Expected signal significance of ~0.4s / √year in both option 1 and option 2 • Set a electron Yukawa coupling upper limit : ke < 2.5 @ 95% C.L. • Reaches SM sensitivity after five years (or 2.5 years with 4 IPs) • Unique opportunity to constrain first generation Yukawa’s • FCC-eemonochromatization setups • Default: d√s = 100 MeV, 25 ab-1 / year • No visible resonance • Option 1: d√s = 10 MeV, 7 ab-1 / year • s(e+e- → H) ~ 100 ab • Option 2: d√s = 6 MeV, 2 ab-1 / year • s(e+e- → H) ~ 250 ab • Backgrounds much larger than signal • e+e- → qq, tt, WW*, ZZ*, gg, … (1): with ISR (2): d√s = 6 MeV (3): d√s = 10 MeV S. Jadach, R.A. Kycia arXiV:1509.02406 – Monochromatization: E E e- e+ D. d’Enterria arXiV:1701.02663 M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

FCC-ee detector design concepts • Two designs studied so far • It was demonstrated that detectors satisfying the requirements are feasible • Physics performance, invasive MDI, beam backgrounds • More complete studies, with full simulation, needed • Towards at least four detector proposals to be made by ~2026 • Light, granular, fast, b and c tagging, lepton ID and resolutions, hadron ID • Cost effective • Satisfy constraints from interaction region layout Two different concepts have been demonstrated to work, one a proven concept and the other with a thin solenoid and simple calorimeter (and a factor 2 cheaper) Proven concept Known performance Ultra Light Innovative Cost effective 2T Si-W Calo DR Calo 2T DCH LumiCal Si Tracker IDEA CLD (~CLICdet) We are now open to detector collaborations! M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019

And then comes FCC-hh Z’ gauge bosons, excited quarks Q*, massive gravitons GRS FCC-hh mass reach for different s-channel resonances M. Koratzinos, FCC week 2019 Brussels Direct exploration of the 10-50TeV energy scale for ECM of 100TeV Searches for (higgsino and wino-like) WIMP dark matter up to mass upper limits of 1-3TeV Measurement of the Higgs self coupling to 5% 100TeV for 16T magnets. For 24T magnets energy would be 150TeV Of course formidable technical challenges (very high field magnets, stored energy, cryogenics, pile-up, energy consumption, cost…)

Interesting reading https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02693 M. Koratzinos, ICNFP 2019 What you always wanted to know about the FCC but were too afraid to ask…

Conclusions • FCC-ee has tremendous physics potential due to its • Huge statistics • Great precision • It can improve EWPO by factors of ~20 to 50 compared to the situation today • It can measure Higgs couplings to sub-percent precision • It is sensitive to energy scales for new physics of 20-70TeV • It has excellent upgrade potential: the FCC-hh, an 100TeV-plus hadron collider Come and join the adventure!

Extra slides

Future Circular Collider Physics Highlights