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APPENDICULAR MUSCLES

APPENDICULAR MUSCLES. Muscles of girdles and appendages Innervated by ventral ramus of spinal nerves. Key Point. What is a girdle? What is a ramus/rami?. Appendicular Muscles - fish. Originated as extensions of hypaxials of body wall Paired fins are appendicular (from myotome)

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APPENDICULAR MUSCLES

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  1. APPENDICULAR MUSCLES • Muscles of girdles and appendages • Innervated by ventral ramus of spinal nerves

  2. Key Point • What is a girdle? • What is a ramus/rami?

  3. Appendicular Muscles - fish • Originated as extensions of hypaxials of body wall • Paired fins are appendicular (from myotome) • Median dorsal fins are NOT appendicular, from myotome of epaxials • Median ventral fins are NOT appendicular, from myotome of hypaxials

  4. Osteichthyes skeleton Dorsal fins Caudal fin Pectoral fin Anal fin Pelvic fin

  5. Appendicular Muscles - fish • Dorsal mass on paired fins are extensors or abductors • Ventral mass on paired fins are flexors or adductors

  6. Appendicular Muscles • Tetrapod • Pectoral Limb

  7. Pectoral Limb Muscles • Deltoid – arm abductor • Latissimus dorsi – limb retractor • Teres Major • Subcoracoscapularis >>Subscapularis

  8. Pectoral Limb Muscles • Triceps – forearm extensor • Forearm & hand extensors – LATERAL • Cutaneous trunci = Cutaneous maximus

  9. Key Points • What is the function of cutaneous maximus? Do humans have this muscle?

  10. Pectoral Limb Muscles • Pectoralis – Humerus adductor, largest flight muscle that lowers wing • Supracoracoideus – Elevates wing • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus

  11. Sternal keel Scapula Humerus Tendon Wing elevator muscle (Supracoracoideus muscle) Wing depressor muscle (Pectoralis muscle) Sternal keel

  12. Pectoral Limb Muscles • Coracobrachialis – Arm flexor

  13. Pectoral Limb Muscles • Biceps brachii – forearm flexor • Brachialis – forearm flexor • Wrist and Digit Flexors - MEDIAL

  14. Pectoral Limb Muscles • See Vertebrate Muscle page

  15. Key Points • What are the most important flight muscles & what are their functions? • Wrist & digit flexors are found on what side of the forearm? What about the extensors? • Latissimus dorsi is similar among tetrapods. Where is it & what does it do? • Deltoids are similar among tetrapods. What does it do? Name the three deltoids in the cat.

  16. Pelvic Limb Muscles • (Iliofemoralis) and Iliofibularis – thigh abductors • Become Gluteus and Tensor fasciae latae in mammal

  17. Key Points • These muscles function as thigh (femur) abductors. What is thigh abduction?

  18. Pelvic Limb Muscles • Iliotibialis, (femorotibialis), Ambiens • Extend tibia, protract thigh • Quadriceps • Sartorius from Ambiens in reptiles

  19. Key Points • Name the quadriceps femoris muscles.

  20. Pelvic Limb Muscles • Puboischiofemoralis Internus – limb protractor • Iliacus, Psoas major in mammals • Pectineus in mammals

  21. Pelvic Limb Muscles • Ankle and foot extensors course LATERALLY

  22. Pelvic Limb Muscles • Puboischiotibialis – thigh retractor, knee flexor • Gracilis in mammals

  23. Pelvic Limb Muscles • Pubotibialis and (Flexor Tibialis) – Thigh retractor and knee flexor • Hamstrings • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus • Biceps femoris • Adductor longus

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