Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

1. Pathogenic vibrios. Vibrio cholerae. Laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis of cholera. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

2. TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE PATHOGENIC VIBRIOS • Family Vibrionaceae • Genus Vibrio • Medical important species: • V.cholerae • V.parahaemolyticus • V.vulnificus • V.alginolyticus

3. Classification of the vibrios • Biochemical classification by Heiberg (1934) • Serological classification

4. VIBRIO CHOLERAE

5. Cultural characteristics • The cholera vibrions is strongly aerobic • Growth is better in an alkaline medium the range of pH being 6.4-9.6 (optimum 8.2) • Special media: • Alkaline peptone water at pH 8.6; • Monsur's taurocholate tellurite peptone water at pH 9.2. • Alkaline bile salt agar (BSA) pH 8.2.

6. Classification of the V. cholerae Biovars: • V. cholerae b/v classical • V. cholerae b/v El-Tor Serotypes: • Ogawa (AB) • Inaba (AC) • Hikojima (ABC)

7. Distinguishing features of biovars

8. Factors of virulence • Exotoxin (choleragen, cholera enterotoxin, cholera toxin, CT, or CTX) • Endotoxin. • Adherence factors (pili) • Proteolytic enzymes (gelatinase, mucinase)

9. Epidemiology and pathogenesis • Infection is acquired through fecally contaminated water or food. • Clinical forms: • Enteritis • Gastroenteritis • Choleric algid • Choleric coma (severe dehydration)

10. Laboratory diagnosis • Rapid tests • Microscopy • Bacteriological method • Serology

11. Prophylaxis • General measures • Specificmeasures

12. Vibrio cholerae