Photo Manipulation & Enhancement Tools

1. Photo Manipulation & Enhancement Tools Unit 1 – Collages & Photography Adobe Design 1

2. Recolor

3. Recolor • Select portion of image to recolor • Choose Image>Adjustments>Replace color • Select a display option (selection or image) • Select the areas exposed by the mask using the eyedropper tool (Shift to Add) • Double-click Selections swatch to target the color you want replaced • Adjust tolerance on Fuzziness slider, which controls the degree to which related colors are included in the selection • To change the color of the selected area, • Drag the Hue, Saturation, and Lightness sliders • Double-click the Result swatch and use the Color Picker • You can save the settings for later color replacement

4. Red Eye

5. Red eye • The Red Eye tool removes red eye in flash photos of people or animals. • 1.In RGB Color mode, select the Red Eye tool . (The Red Eye tool is in the same group as the Spot Healing Brush tool . Hold down a tool to display additional tools in the group.) • 2.Click in the red eye. If you are not satisfied with the result, undo the correction, set one or more of the following options in the options bar, and click the red eye again: • Pupil Size - Increases or decreases the area affected by the Red Eye tool. • Darken Amount - Sets the darkness of the correction.

6. despeckle

7. Despeckle & Other noise filters • The Noise filters add or remove noise, or pixels with randomly distributed color levels. This helps to blend a selection into the surrounding pixels. Noise filters can create unusual textures or remove problem areas, such as dust and scratches. • Add Noise - Applies random pixels to an image, simulating the effect of shooting pictures on high-speed film. You can also use the Add Noise filter to reduce banding in feathered selections or graduated fills or to give a more realistic look to heavily retouched areas. Options for noise distribution include Uniform and Gaussian. Uniform distributes color values of noise using random numbers between 0 and plus or minus the specified value, creating a subtle effect. Gaussian distributes color values of noise along a bell-shaped curve, creating a speckled effect. The Monochromatic option applies the filter to only the tonal elements in the image without changing the colors. • Despeckle - Detects the edges in an image (areas where significant color changes occur) and blurs all of the selection except those edges. This blurring removes noise while preserving detail.

8. Despeckle & other noise filters (cont’d.) • Dust & Scratches - Reduces noise by changing dissimilar pixels. To achieve a balance between sharpening the image and hiding defects, try various combinations of Radius and Threshold settings. Or apply the filter to selected areas in the image. See also Apply the Dust And Scratches filter. • Median - Reduces noise in an image by blending the brightness of pixels within a selection. The filter searches the radius of a pixel selection for pixels of similar brightness, discarding pixels that differ too much from adjacent pixels, and replaces the center pixel with the median brightness value of the searched pixels. This filter is useful for eliminating or reducing the effect of motion on an image. • Reduce Noise - Reduces noise while preserving edges based on user settings affecting the overall image or individual channels.

9. sharpen

10. sharpen • Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether your images come from a digital camera or a scanner, most images can benefit from sharpening. The degree of sharpening needed varies depending on the quality of the digital camera or scanner. Keep in mind that sharpening cannot correct a severely blurred image. • Notes and tips about sharpening: • ■Sharpen your image on a separate layer so that you can resharpen it later if you need to output it to a different medium. • ■If you sharpen your image on a separate layer, set the layer’s blending mode to Luminosity to avoid color shifts along edges. • ■Sharpening increases image contrast. If you find that highlights or shadows are clipped after you sharpen, use the layer blending controls (if you sharpen a separate layer) to prevent sharpening in highlights and shadows. See Specify a tonal range for blending layers.

11. Sharpen (cont’d.) • ■If you need to reduce image noise, do so before sharpening so that you don’t intensify the noise. • ■Sharpen your image multiple times in small amounts. Sharpen the first time to correct blur caused by capturing your image (scanning it or taking it with your digital camera). After you’ve color corrected and sized your image, sharpen it again (or a copy of it) to add the appropriate amount of sharpening for your output medium. • ■If possible, judge your sharpening by outputting it to the final medium. The amount of sharpening needed varies among output media. • For greatest control use the Unsharp Mask (USM) filter or the Smart Sharpen filter to sharpen your images. Although Photoshop also has the Sharpen, Sharpen Edges, and Sharpen More filter options, these filters are automatic and do not provide controls and options. • You can sharpen your entire image or just a portion defined by a selection or mask. Because the Unsharp Mask and Smart Sharpen filters can be applied to only one layer at a time, you might need to merge layers or flatten your file to sharpen all image layers in a multilayered file.

12. Dodge

13. Dodge • Used to lighten areas of the image, the Dodge tool is based on a traditional photographer’s technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging). The more you paint over an area with the Dodge tool, the lighter it becomes. • 1.Select the Dodge tool. • 2.Choose a brush tip and set brush options in the options bar. • 3.In the options bar, select one of the following from the Range menu: • Midtones - Changes the middle range of grays • Shadows - Changes the dark areas • Highlights - Changes the light areas • 4.Specify the exposure for the Dodge tool. • 5.Click the airbrush button to use the brush as an airbrush. Alternatively, select the Airbrush option in the Brushes panel. • 6.Select the Protect Tones option to minimize clipping in the shadows and highlights. This option also tries to keep colors from shifting hue. • 7.Drag over the part of the image you want to lighten.

14. Burn

15. Burn • Used to darken areas of the image, the Burn tool is based on a traditional photographer’s technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning). The more you paint over an area with the Dodge or Burn tool, the lighter or darker it becomes. • 1.Select the Burn tool . • 2.Choose a brush tip and set brush options in the options bar. • 3.In the options bar, select one of the following from the Range menu: • Midtones - Changes the middle range of grays • Shadows - Changes the dark areas • Highlights - Changes the light areas • 4.Specify the exposure for the Burn tool. • 5.Click the airbrush button to use the brush as an airbrush. Alternatively, select the Airbrush option in the Brushes panel. • 6.Select the Protect Tones option to minimize clipping in the shadows and highlights. This option also tries to keep colors from shifting hue. • 7.Drag over the part of the image you want to lighten or darken.

16. CLONE STAMP

17. Clone Stamp • The Clone Stamp tool paints one part of an image over another part of the same image or over another part of any open document that has the same color mode. You can also paint part of one layer over another layer. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image. • To use the Clone Stamp tool, you set a sampling point on the area you want to copy (clone) the pixels from and paint over another area. To paint with the most current sampling point whenever you stop and resume painting, select the Aligned option. Deselect the Aligned option to paint starting from the initial sampling point no matter how many times you stop and resume painting. • You can use any brush tip with the Clone Stamp tool, which gives you precise control over the size of the clone area. You can also use opacity and flow settings to control how paint will be applied to the cloned area.

18. Clone Stamp (Cont’d.) • 1.Select the Clone Stamp tool . • 2.Choose a brush tip and set brush options for the blending mode, opacity, and flow in the options bar. • 3.To specify how you want to align the sampled pixels and how to sample data from the layers in your document, set any of the following in the options bar: • Aligned - Samples pixels continuously, without losing the current sampling point, even if you release the mouse button. Deselect Aligned to continue to use the sampled pixels from the initial sampling point each time you stop and resume painting. • Sample - Samples data from the layers you specify. To sample from the active layer and visible layers below it, choose Current And Below. To sample only from the active layer, choose Current Layer. To sample from all visible layers, choose All Layers. To sample from all visible layers except adjustment layers, choose All Layers and click the Ignore Adjustment Layers icon to the right of the Sample pop‑up menu.

19. Clone Stamp (Cont’d.) • 4.Set the sampling point by positioning the pointer in any open image and Alt-clicking (Windows) or Option-clicking (Mac OS). • 5.(Optional) In the Clone Source panel, click a clone source button and set an additional sampling point. • You can set up to five different sampling sources. The Clone Source panel saves the sampled sources until you close the document. • 6.(Optional) To select the sampled source you want, click a clone source button in the Clone Source panel. • 7.(Optional) Do any of the following in the Clone Source panel: • ■To scale or rotate the source that you’re cloning, enter a value for W (width), H (height), or the rotation in degrees . (Negative width and height values flip the source.) • ■To show an overlay of the source that you’re cloning, select Show Overlay and specify the overlay options. • Note: Overlay can be clipped to the brush size when the Clipped option is enabled. • 8.Drag over the area of the image you want to correct.

20. Healing Brush

21. Healing Brush • The Healing Brush tool lets you correct imperfections, causing them to disappear into the surrounding image. Like the cloning tools, you use the Healing Brush tool to paint with sampled pixels from an image or pattern. However, the Healing Brush tool also matches the texture, lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the pixels being healed. As a result, the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of the image. • 1.Select the Healing Brush tool . • 2.Click the brush sample in the options bar and set brush options in the pop‑up panel: • Mode - Specifies the blending mode. Choose Replace to preserve noise, film grain, and texture at the edges of the brush stroke when using a soft‑edge brush. • Source - Specifies the source to use for repairing pixels. Sampled to use pixels from the current image, or Pattern to use pixels from a pattern. If you chose Pattern, select a pattern from the Pattern pop‑up panel.

22. Healing Brush • Aligned - Samples pixels continuously, without losing the current sampling point, even if you release the mouse button. Deselect Aligned to continue to use the sampled pixels from the initial sampling point each time you stop and resume painting. • Sample - Samples data from the layers you specify. To sample from the active layer and visible layers below it, choose Current And Below. To sample only from the active layer, choose Current Layer. To sample from all visible layers, choose All Layers. To sample from all visible layers except adjustment layers, choose All Layers and click the Ignore Adjustment Layers icon to the right of the Sample pop‑up menu. • 3.Set the sampling point by positioning the pointer over an area of the image and Alt-clicking (Windows) or Option-clicking (Mac OS).

23. Healing Brush • 4.(Optional) In the Clone Source panel, click a clone source button and set an additional sampling point. • You can set up to 5 different sampling sources. The Clone Source panel remembers the sampled sources until you close the document you’re editing. • 5.(Optional) In the Clone Source panel, click a clone source button to select the sampled source you want. • 6.(Optional) Do any of the following in the Clone Source panel: • ■To scale or rotate the source that you’re cloning, enter a value for W (width), H (height), or the rotation in degrees . • ■To show an overlay of the source that you’re cloning, select Show Overlay and specify the overlay options. • 7.Drag in the image. • The sampled pixels are melded with the existing pixels each time you release the mouse button.

24. Spot Healing Brush

25. Spot Healing Brush • The Spot Healing Brush tool quickly removes blemishes and other imperfections in your photos. The Spot Healing Brush works similarly to the Healing Brush: it paints with sampled pixels from an image or pattern and matches the texture, lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the pixels being healed. Unlike the Healing Brush, the Spot Healing Brush doesn’t require you to specify a sample spot. The Spot Healing Brush automatically samples from around the retouched area. • If you need to retouch a large area or need more control over the source sampling, you can use the Healing Brush instead of the Spot Healing Brush.

26. Spot Healing Brush • 1.Select the Spot Healing Brush tool from the toolbox. If necessary, click either the Healing Brush tool, Patch tool, or Red Eye tool to show the hidden tools and make your selection. • 2.Choose a brush size in the options bar. A brush that is slightly larger than the area you want to fix works best so that you can cover the entire area with one click. • 3.(Optional) Choose a blending mode from the Mode menu in the options bar. Choose Replace to preserve noise, film grain, and texture at the edges of the brush stroke when using a soft‑edge brush.

27. Spot Healing Brush • 4.Choose a Type option in the options bar: • Proximity Match - Uses the pixels around the edge of the selection to find an image area to use as a patch for the selected area. If this option doesn’t provide a satisfactory fix, undo the fix and try the Create Texture option. • Create Texture - Uses all the pixels in the selection to create a texture with which to fix the area. If the texture doesn’t work, try dragging through the area a second time. • 5.Select Sample All Layers in the options bar to sample data from all visible layers. Deselect Sample All Layers to sample only from the active layer. • 6.Click the area you want to fix, or click and drag to smooth over imperfections in a larger area.