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History & Principles. (VOED 6513) Presented by Murelene Walker December 8, 2003. Vocational Advocate – Pursued vo-ed as we know it today. Hoke Smith. Justin Morrill. Carroll S. Page. David Agnew. Carroll S. Page. Businessman/Banker Governor Senator/Republican.
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History & Principles (VOED 6513) Presented by Murelene Walker December 8, 2003
Vocational Advocate – Pursued vo-ed as we know it today Hoke Smith Justin Morrill Carroll S. Page David Agnew
Carroll S. Page • Businessman/Banker • Governor • Senator/Republican
Education History • Apprenticeships • Lyceum Movement • Land Grant Colleges • Chautauqua Movement
Apprenticeships • Oldest type of vo-ed • Poor Laws • Declined
Lyceums • 1826 • Founded by Josiah Holbrook • Shared experiences
Land Grant Colleges • Founder – Justin Morrill – 1862 • 30,000 acres
Chautauqua • Founded by John Vincent - 1874 • New York • For Sunday School Teachers • Tents/Summertime
Educational Changes The Morrill Act has proven to be the beginning…for really carrying vocational education to the masses of our people.
Smith/Lever Act of 1914 • President Woodrow Wilson • Hoke Smith becomes Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor • Inducted the Smith/Lever bill
Commission on VocationalEducation • Senator Hoke Smith (GA) – Chairman • Senator Carroll Page (Vermont) • Rep. Dudley Hughes (GA) • Rep. S.D. Fess (Ohio) • John Lapp (Indiana) • Florence Marshall – Director, Manhattan Trade School for Girls • Agnes Nestor – Pres. International Glove Workers’ Union • Charles A. Prosser, Secretary (NSPIE) • Charles H. Winslow, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vocational Education Bill • Commissioner of Education and 5 other associates versus positions filled by busy Cabinet officers • Creation of a State Board • Required attendance of children in school • State Control
Smith and Hughes • Vocational Bill (Page) • Hughes Bill • Joining of Forces
It’s a Law… I’m just a bill, Yes, I’m only a bill, And I’m sitting here on Capitol Hill. Well, it’s a long, long journey To the capital city, It’s a long, long wait While I’m sitting in committee, But I know I’ll be a law someday… At least I hope and pray that I will, But today I’m just a bill.