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Reducing Demand through Efficiency and Services - Impacts and Opportunities in Buildings Sector Mary Ann Piette Deputy,

Reducing Demand through Efficiency and Services - Impacts and Opportunities in Buildings Sector Mary Ann Piette Deputy, Building Technologies Department Director, Demand Response Research Center February 2, 2010. Presentation Overview. Building Energy Context Reducing Energy Use

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Reducing Demand through Efficiency and Services - Impacts and Opportunities in Buildings Sector Mary Ann Piette Deputy,

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  1. Reducing Demand through Efficiency and Services - Impacts and Opportunities in Buildings Sector Mary Ann PietteDeputy, Building Technologies Department Director, Demand Response Research Center February 2, 2010

  2. Presentation Overview • Building Energy Context • Reducing Energy Use • Technology, Systems and Tools • Buildings and the Grid • Building 90 • Summary and Future Directions

  3. Building Energy Consumption in US • Buildings consume 40% of total U.S. energy • 71% of electricity • 54% of natural gas • No Single End Use Dominates Building sector has Largest Energy Use Fastest Growth Rate

  4. Per Capita Electricity in the U.S. and California (1960-2001) kWh 14,000 Formation of EETD, LBNL 12,000 12,000 U.S. 10,000 8,000 8,000 KWh/person 7,000 California 6,000 Rosenfeld Effect California Policy on Decoupling for Investor Owned Utilities 4,000 2,000 2000 1976 0 1994 1996 1998 1992 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990

  5. Dimmable; Addressable; Affordable Examples of Building Systems R&D at LBNL • Minimizing External Loads • Dynamic Facades, Windows, Passive Venting • Cool Roofs • Minimizing Internal Loads • Lighting Controls • Miscellaneous Plug Loads • Duct Sealing • Data Center Efficiency • Evaluating and Managing Energy Use • Benchmarking, Commissioning • Monitoring, Simulation and Modeling • Indoor Environmental Quality Metrics

  6. If Buildings Were Engineered… Commissioning (Cx) for Energy Efficiency Would be Common Owner needs Design target Cx parameter Pre-functional test Testing, adjusting and balancing Continuous monitoring Periodic evaluation Program Phase Design Phase Construction Phase Acceptance Phase Post- Acceptance Phase Design document O&M manual Design review Cx plan Functional test O&M manual review O&M training Final Cx report

  7. Energy Use Needs to be Visible –the Prius Effect Before Baseline: 465 kW • Equipment runs when not needed, when on… often not efficient • Continuous monitoring can show waste with engaged people • Simple electric load shape provides information – what is design intent? • R&D led to Statewide Monitoring Based Commissioning Program • 1st 24 California MBCx spent $2.9 million, costs $1.00/ft2 & 2.5 year payback After Night Load: 235 kW

  8. Linking Efficiency with the Grid and Demand Response (DR)

  9. Manual Demand Response - Common Practice

  10. Reliable, Secure, Persistent Automation with Open Automated DR Communications (OpenADR) Creating Emerging International Smart Grid Standard PG&E DR Automation Server Embedded Client in New Controls

  11. Enabling Demand Side Load Flexibility To provide a more reliable, cost-effective low-carbon grid • Enable buildings to listen to common signals • Evaluate time scales of flexible loads, pre-cool • Use codes and standards • Develop native low-power modes • More toward model-predictive control

  12. Managing the Grid and Modeling the Building Middle-ware that exchanges and synchronizes data as (simulation-)time progresses HVAC & controls Modelica building energy EnergyPlus controls Simulink building energy TRNSYS airflow Fluent controls & data analysis MATLAB Virtual Controls Testbed wireless networks Ptolemy II lighting Radiance real-time data www+xml building automation BACnet building energy ESP-r hardware in the loop implemented funded in proposal in discussion 12

  13. Dramatic US Reductions Needed Dramatic Global Reductions Even Harder China India 8.5%/yr growth New: 80% reduction Existing: 50% reduction 1 Quad = 1015 Btu,1.055 Exajoule (EJ) or 1.055 × 1018 J

  14. Building 90’s Public Energy Information System https://my.pulseenergy.com/dashboards/EETD New tool for continuous monitoring and diagnostics

  15. Electricity Load Distribution and Meter Locations

  16. Responsive Buildings Occupant Productivity Model-driven Control Integrated Operating System Lighting & Misc Facade Natural Environment Sustainable Grid Pervasive Energy Monitoring HVAC

  17. Summary and Future Directions - Need to Accelerate Innovation, Mobilize Science • Need new low-energy components, storage, efficient equipment • Need for continuous measurement, modeling, uncertainty analysis, decision tools, new metrics • Need to see waste – make performance visible • Need improvements while improving quality of indoor environment with a balance of technology, markets, policy, and business processes

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