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LITERARY ELEMENTS & TERMS

LITERARY ELEMENTS & TERMS. Expected to know:. *Genre - a way to categorize literature by types. Books are categorized into four genres: . FICTION NONFICTION DRAMA POETRY. FICTION- a story created in the author’s mind. Its purpose it to entertain.

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LITERARY ELEMENTS & TERMS

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  1. LITERARY ELEMENTS & TERMS

  2. Expected to know: *Genre - a way to categorize literature by types

  3. Books are categorized into four genres: • FICTION • NONFICTION • DRAMA • POETRY

  4. FICTION- a story created in the author’s mind. Its purpose it to entertain.

  5. Realistic fiction - based on real-life, everyday situations. (The Outsiders, The Man Who Loved Clowns) • Historical fiction - based in a specific time period or on a particular event in history. (Gone With the Wind, The River Between Us)

  6. Science fiction - based on scientific events that have not taken place yet; often involves space travels, aliens, futuristic societies, technology. (Star Wars, The Awakening) • Mystery - a literary work that involves a plot in which characters attempt to solve an unexplained event, phenomena,etc. The event is often a crime and the characters try and solve the case by finding clues. (The Nancy Drew Series, The Hardy Boys Series)

  7. Adventure - a literary work in which characters have extraordinary experiences, which often involve danger, suspense, travel, etc. (Hatchet, The Call of the Wild) • Fantasy - based on imaginary worlds and uses magical powers and creatures such as dragons, fairies, trolls, etc. (Twilight, Lord of the Ring)

  8. Mythology - stories that explain the actions of gods or heroes or the origin of elements of nature. Every ancient culture has its own mythology. (Zeus and Hera, The Origins of Fire) • Fables - a story, usually with animal characters, that teach a lesson or moral. The moral is usually stated at the end of the fable. (The Tortoise and the Hare, The Ant and the Grasshopper)

  9. Tall tales - stories that exaggerate beyond belief. (Pecos Bill, Paul Bunyan • Legends - a story told from the past that is based on some truth. (King Arthur and the Knight of the Round Table, The Legend of Big Foot)

  10. NONFICTION - writing that is based on truth. Its purpose is to inform, explain, persuade, or entertain.

  11. Informational text is organized by topic and supporting details. Its purpose is to inform. Examples include nonfiction, newspapers, textbook, advertisements, instruction manuals, recipes

  12. DRAMA - a story with dialogue and parts, written to be performed by actors in front of an audience. The written version is called a script. Example: The Diary of Anne Frank

  13. POETRY - writing that conveys an idea or a feeling through carefully selected words. Example: The Road Less Traveled by Robert Frost

  14. Sound - helps create meaning or feeling in poetry Figurative Language - words not meant to be taken literally Devices used in poetry

  15. SOUND • Alliteration - repetition of consonant sounds (The sun was shining on the sea) • Onomatopoeia - the use of words whose sounds imitate or suggest their meaning (buzz, ring, honk, bang)

  16. Rhyme - words that have the same ending sound (I enjoyed the shade in the glade) Rhyme scheme - the arrangement of rhymes in a poem or stanza Meter - the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse

  17. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE • Metaphor - a comparison of unlike things in which one thing becomes another (He has a heart of stone) • Simile - a comparison of unlike things using the word like or as (I wandered lonely as a cloud)

  18. Hyperbole - an extreme exaggeration (My parents are going to kill me) • Personification - giving human characteristics to objects or animals (The wind shook the windows as if it was trying to get in) • Symbolism - occurs when an object represents more than itself (cross = Christianity, heart = love)

  19. Tone - the author’s attitude toward a subject Mood - emotional feeling created in a story

  20. Round/Dynamic character - character who changes in attitudes of beliefs Flat/Static character - character who does not change Character - person, animal, or other being involved in a story

  21. Cont. Character Protagonist - the character you hope overcomes his/her challenges Antagonist - the character who presents an obstacle to the protagonist

  22. PLOT - sequence of events • Exposition - what is occurring at the opening of the story • Rising Action - plot events that lead to the climax • Climax - “high point” or “turning point” of the story. When you know the end is near and you know how the story will turn out

  23. Falling Action - plot events after the climax • Resolution - the end of the story

  24. Cont. Plot • Subplot - a plot within a plot. It is not considered as important and the main plot. • Parallel Episodes - different scenes that happen at the same time.

  25. More ELEMENTS • Foreshadowing - the author’s hints about what might happen later in the story. • Flashback - the author retelling events which happened in a previous time

  26. Theme - lesson, moral, or main point the author teaches the reader • Inference - process of drawing a conclusions and making predictions

  27. Irony - a contrast between expectation and reality • Verbal - what is said is not what is meant (sarcasm) • Situational - something happens that is the opposite of what expected • Dramatic - the reader knows something before the character

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