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VANADIUM( 釩 )

VANADIUM( 釩 ). 5D Leo Chao (27) Andrew Lo (34) Jacky Ng (36) Calvin Tai (38). CONTENT. Background information Occurrence Characteristic of Vanadium Application of Vanadium and its compounds Harmful effects. BACKGROUND INFORMATION. Symbol: V

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VANADIUM( 釩 )

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  1. VANADIUM(釩) 5D Leo Chao (27) Andrew Lo (34) Jacky Ng (36) Calvin Tai (38)

  2. CONTENT • Background information • Occurrence • Characteristic of Vanadium • Application of Vanadium and its compounds • Harmful effects

  3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Symbol: V • Type: Transition Metal • Group: 5 • Period:4 • Electrons arrangement: 2,8,11,2 • Atomic mass:50.9415 • Atomic volume:8.78 cm3/mol • Maximum oxidation number:5 • Minimum oxidation number:-1

  4. Color: bright white • Structure: body-centered cubic • State: solid • Melting point: 1920 °C • Boiling point: 3400 °C • Maximum oxidation number:5 • Minimum oxidation number:-1

  5. OCCURRENCE • Discovered by Andreas.M. del Rio (mineralogist) in 1801 • Produced by reducing vanadium pentoxide with calcium • Cannot be found in nature • Exist as different kind of minerals • E.g. patronite (VS4), vanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3Cl), and carnotite (K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O). • Present in bauxite and fossil fuel deposits • E.g. crude oil, coal, oil shale and tar sands

  6. CHARACTERISTIC OF VANADIUM • Hard • Ductile • Good structural strength • Resistant to attack by alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and salt water • Oxidizes in air at around 660 °C to the pentoxide (V2O5) • Malleable and not brittle • Oxide layer forms at room temperature

  7. APPLICATION OF VANADIUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS Compounds • Oxide(s):VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5 (vanadium pentoxide) • Chloride(s):VCl2, VCl3, VCl4 • Hydride(s):VH, VH2

  8. Uses • Ferrovanadium • steel additive • adds strength, toughness, and heat resistance • axles (車軸) • bicycle frames • crankshafts(機軸) • gears

  9. Vanadium-gallium superconducting magnet • catalyst in manufacturing sulphuric acid • making ceramics • surgical instruments and tools • Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft • vanadium dioxide VO2, production of glass coatings •  Vanadium oxide, induce color centers in corundum for simulated alexandrite jewellery

  10. HARMFUL EFFECTS • The higher the oxidation state of vanadium, the more toxic the compound • Vanadium pentoxide dust irritates the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, bronchi, lungs, eyes, and skin of exposed humans

  11. END

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