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Pathways. Anabolic pathways Synthetic Reductive Endergonic Catabolic pathways Degradative Oxidative Exergonic. Linked by ATP and redox cofactors. ATP a "high energy" compound. Wrong. Why is ATP "high energy"?. Charge repulsion of phosphates
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Pathways • Anabolic pathways • Synthetic • Reductive • Endergonic • Catabolic pathways • Degradative • Oxidative • Exergonic Linked by ATP and redox cofactors
Why is ATP "high energy"? • Charge repulsion of phosphates • Increase in entropy (number of molecules increases) • Resonance stabilization of product
ATPa "high energy" compound Wrong In cell, G= -10 to –14 kcal/mol
Other energy transfers • Redox reactions • Catabolic is ? • Anabolic is ? • Redox potential energy • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) • Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Focus on glucose • Major fuel for animals • Major fuel for plants • Central to metabolism of • Amino acids • Fats/fatty acids We're going to look at breakdown and synthesis of glucose
Catabolism of glucose • Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway) • Aerobic respiration • Glycolysis • Kreb's cycle (TCA cycle, citrate cycle) • OXPHOS • Anaerobic respiration • Lactate (lactic acid) production • Fermentation—ethanol production