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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Section 3 8 th Grade. Vikings. Europe During the Middle Ages. Vikings From Scandinavia- Sweden, Norway, and Denmark Seafaring people Unique ships- safer and quicker Raids and expeditions on British Isles Also went to Iceland. Vikings.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 3 8th Grade

  2. Vikings

  3. Europe During the Middle Ages • Vikings • From Scandinavia- Sweden, Norway, and Denmark • Seafaring people • Unique ships- safer and quicker • Raids and expeditions on British Isles • Also went to Iceland

  4. Vikings • Erik the Red established a colony on Greenland • Leif Eriksson, son of Erik, went west of Greenland and landed in Newfoundland, Canada. • Colony on the coast called Vinland • Only last a few years, home sick and indians

  5. The Middle Ages • The collapse of the Roman Empire lead to the beginning of the Middle Ages • 400’s AD-1350 AD

  6. Feudal System • Feudalism-pledge loyalty to lords in exchange for protection • Defense against invasions • Monarchs and Nobles defended kingdoms and manors. • Vassals helps Nobles defend manor, vassals- soldiers served nobles for land • Knights were vassals

  7. Knights • Lance • Iron Helmet • Shield • Coat of chain mail

  8. Peasants • Peasants- free tenants, serfs, and slaves • Farmed land • Tenants- rented land and could leave the manor at the end of their contract • Serfs- Lived on lords land, farmed, but didn’t own land. Gave goods and labor to lords. • Slaves- field labors and domestic servants

  9. Life on a Manor • Lords ruled the many- no government • Lords- Wooden/Stone houses or castles • Moats and high walls- defense

  10. Noblemen • Fought in battles • Organized vassals • Managed farmland • Fulfilling religious duties • Boys were trained in running, swimming, wrestling, dancing, speaking languages, riding, and fencing

  11. Noblewomen • Household spiritual well being-prayed • Maintained house • Directed servants • Raised children • Sometimes ruled over feudal system- away from home or too young

  12. Peasants • 2 room houses- 1 for family and 1 for animals • Men farmed • Women and children tended to animals and housework • Children worked at young ages • Birth determined social position

  13. Catholic Church • Center of religious and social life on manors • Sponsored art and architecture projects • Priest cared for sick and poor, taught children • Church became very powerful and wealthy

  14. Monasteries • Monks • Centers of Education • Controlled Large Estates

  15. Convents • Nuns • Offered Women Education • Nuns wrote plays and other arts

  16. The Rise of Nations • Monarchs became more powerful than nobles • England and France • William of Normandy • Distributed land fairly • Established taxes and determined how many knights lords got

  17. Magna Carta • King John was forced to sign • Couldn’t raise taxes w/o nobles agreement • Monarchs must obey laws • 1st document to address land rights and individual freedoms

  18. Trade • Increased locally and long distance • New towns and cities • Farming changes • Horses instead of oxen • Fertilizers • Crop rotation • More farmland • Windmills and watermills

  19. Section 4 Chapter 1

  20. The Crossing of Cultures • Islam- created by Muhammad • Allah • Qur’an • Muslims • Built a Navy • Controlled Iberian Peninsula

  21. Islamic Scholarship • Islam spread through trade • Muslims developed algebra with the help from India trade • Translated Greek writings for medicine, philosophy, astronomy, physics, and mathematics.

  22. The Crusades • Muslims, Jews, and Christians showed devotion by visiting the Holy Land, Jerusalem • Muslims controlled the Holy Land and allowed others to visit. • Pope Urban II called for a holy war to retake Jerusalem. • 5 wars between 1096-1221 • Knights, nobles, and soldiers went

  23. Crusades • The crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and controlled it for 90 years. • Saladin, ruler of Egypt, took it back for the Muslims in 1187

  24. Empires of Asia • Genghis Khan lead Mongols through Asia • Kublai Khan ruled a 4000 mile long area a crossed Asia. • Used powerful navy for trade • Silk Road • Ming Dynasty took over Mongols • Zhu Di and Zheng He

  25. Zheng He • Zheng lead 7 voyages in 30 years • Traded silk and porcelain for spices • 317 ships, 27,000 men • Used stars and sailing charts • Made China wealthy and rich in culture

  26. African Trading Kingdoms • East Africa • Kush and Aksum- Kingdoms • Traded ivory • Converted to Christianity • Bantu, Islam and Swahili • 30 large market cities

  27. West Africa and Mali • WA- Berbers used camels • Salt and gold • Ghana • Mali- Timbuktu • Center of culture • Mansa Musa • Songhay Empire

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