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Egypt

Egypt. Geography. Red Sea, Sahara, Mediterranean surround Mountains and deserts provide protection Nile River ends with a delta, fertile lands because of deposits, predictable Cataracts make the river impossible to travel

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Egypt

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  1. Egypt

  2. Geography • Red Sea, Sahara, Mediterranean surround • Mountains and deserts provide protection • Nile River ends with a delta, fertile lands because of deposits, predictable • Cataracts make the river impossible to travel • Valley of the Dead a set of many landmarks, opposite side of the area of the river they farm

  3. Politics • City-states • Dynastic leadership-pharaohs, centralizes rule, had both political and religious power • Old Kingdom-pyramid builders (3200-2200BCE) • Middle Kingdom-golden age art (2100-1650BCE) • New Kingdom-principalities want expansion, but led to divided rule (1550-700BCE), conflicts and cults • Late Period- Nile and Red Sea Channel, • Nephritides first woman, Cleopatra

  4. Economics • Nile used trade and agriculture • Gold, granite, precious stones mined • Ostrich eggs, feathers, animal skins, ivory, ebony and slaves • Trade is directly by the government

  5. Religion • Polytheistic • Mummification to prepare the dead for the afterlife, Book of the Dead • Gods control all natural events • Amon Re, sun god, hundred of lesser gods • Osiris (Nile) introduced civilization to Egypt (creation myth) • Buried in pyramids, pharaoh godlike • Priests key role

  6. Society • Rich mummified • Pharaoh intermarry to keep royal blood pure • Father head of household, women have some rights • Poor people live in poverty, rich in brick houses, few were educated • Head shaving and wore wigs, makeup, perfume, linen and wool, gold jewelry, men skirted

  7. Hierarchy • pharoah, high priest • Artisans, merchants, rich elite, priests • Lesser merchants, farmers • Slaves • Sports-wrestling, javelin, dancing, boating and hunting

  8. Intellect • Hieroglyphics -3200 BCE • Papyrus for paper • Imhotep first to use columns, MD, founder of Egyptian medicine, masters of human anatomy • Most population knew basic math • Astronomy, very accurate calendar 12 months, 30 days • Rosetta stone allowed for translation of hieroglyphics

  9. Arts • Hieroglyphics for storytelling • Sculpture, stone structures-pyramids, Sphynx, • Paintings, domestic and historical life celebrated in art • Jewelry, pottery, sarcophagus • Little outside influence • Tombs, monuments are what survive • Middle Age is golden age for arts

  10. Decline • Major invasions weaken Egypt • 343BCE Persians take over and end of pharaohs • 332BCE Greek Army with Alexander the Great takes possession

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