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Antebellum Southern Society. Southern Society in 1860. “Slave-ocracy” (plantation owners). 8,000,000. The “Plain Folk” (small slave-owners & yeoman farmers). 250,000. Black Freemen. 3,950,000. Black Slaves.
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Antebellum Southern Society
Southern Society in 1860 “Slave-ocracy”(plantation owners) 8,000,000 The “Plain Folk”(small slave-owners & yeoman farmers) 250,000 Black Freemen 3,950,000 Black Slaves U.S. population in 1860 was 31,118,075 (including slaves/ freeman)12,200,000 lived in the South 40%
Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860
“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”William Henry Brown, 1842
Slave Accoutrements Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle
Slave Accoutrements Slave leg irons Slave tag, SC Slave shoes
Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.
Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth? Hollywood’s Version?
Slave Resistance & Uprisings
Slave Resistance • “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].
Slave Resistance • Refusal to work hard. • Isolated acts of sabotage. • Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South Gabriel Prosser1800 1822
Gabriel Prosser, was a literate enslaved blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion in the Richmond area in the summer of 1800. Information regarding the revolt was leaked prior to its execution, and he and twenty-five followers were taken captive and hanged in punishment. In reaction, Virginia and other state legislatures passed restrictions on free blacks, as well as prohibiting the education, assembly, and hiring out of slaves, to restrict their chances to learn and to plan similar rebellions. In 2002 the City of Richmond passed a resolution in honor of Gabriel on the 202nd anniversary of the rebellion. In 2007 Governor Tim Kaine gave Gabriel and his followers an informal pardon, in recognition that his cause, "the end of slavery and the furtherance of equality for all people—has prevailed in the light of history".
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831
The Culture of Slavery • Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals. • “Pidgin” or Gullah languages. • Nuclear family with extended kin links,were possible. • Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].
Vesey had won a lottery and purchased his freedom at age 32 in 1799. He had a good business and a family, but was unable to buy his first wife Beck and their children out of slavery. Vesey became active in the Second Presbyterian Church; in 1818 and rapidly attracted 1,848 members, making this the second-largest AME congregation in the nation. In 1820 he was alleged to be the ringleader of a planned slave revolt. Vesey and his followers were said to be planning to kill slaveholders in Charleston, liberate the slaves, and sail to the black republic of Haiti for refuge.. Vesey and five slaves were among the first group of men rapidly judged guilty by the secret proceedings of a city-appointed Court and condemned to death; they were executed by hanging on July 2, 1822. Vesey was about age 55.