1 / 22

Cellular Respiration:

Cellular Respiration:. Breaking down chemical bonds in organic food molecules, and releasing energy that can be used by all cells. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O  6CO 2 + 12H 2 O + 36ATP. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O. . 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O. and. Chemical Energy.

blithe
Download Presentation

Cellular Respiration:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cellular Respiration: Breaking down chemical bonds in organic food molecules, and releasing energy that can be used by all cells. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O  6CO2 + 12H2O+ 36ATP

  2. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O  6CO2 + 12H2O and Chemical Energy 36ATP Compare to Photosynthesis Light Energy 6CO2 + 12H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Chlorophyll

  3. I. Three stages of cellular respiration: A. glycolysis B. citric acid cycle C. electron transport chain

  4. Inner membrane Outer membrane

  5. II. Glycolysis A. Glucose molecule broken apart, by the action on an enzyme, to make 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 1. C6H12O6 broken down by enzyme action and 2 ATP broken down into 2 ADP and 2P. 2. Result is 2PGAL.

  6. Glycolysis PGAL C C C 2 ATP 2ADP + 2P P C C C C C C Glucose C6H12O6 C C C Energy P PGAL

  7. 3. Each of the PGAL lose phosphate molecules, for a total of 4 phosphate molecules, which are added to 4 ADP forming 4ATP. 4. 2 NAD- molecules pick up 1 H+ each, forming 2NADH 5. 2 H+ also tag along with the 2NADH in a loose relationship 6. End result of glycolysis is 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules. B. Two molecules of ATP formed for each glucose molecule broken. C. Happens in the cytoplasm of cell, just outside of mitochondria.

  8. B. Two molecules of ATP formed for each glucose molecule broken. C. This all happens in the cytoplasm of cell, just outside of mitochondria.

  9. PGAL 2 ATP 2ADP + 2P C C C C C C C C C P Glucose C6H12O6 C C C Energy PGAL P 4ATP 4ADP + 4P C C C C C C 2 Pyruvic Acid 2NADH + H+ 2Nad+ A net of 2 ATP 2 ATP used 4 ATP produced = -2 + 4 2

  10. III. Pyruvic Acid Reactions to release CO2. A. Pyruvic Acid moves across mitochondrial membrane into the matrix of the mitochondria. B. CO2 is released from Pyruvic acid forming a 2 carbon intermediate molecule. CO2 is a waste product which is diffused from the cell into the waste disposal mechanism of the organism. C. Coenzyme A molecule reacts with the intermediate to form Acetyl CoA D. In the same process, NAD- picks up a H+ to form NADH and a loose association with another H+.

  11. Oxygen from atmosphere (O2) CO2 Outside of Mitochondria Inside of Mitochondria + C C C C C C C C C Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic Acid Acetic Acid Group Coenzyme A - CoA C C Acetyl - CoA NADH + H NAD+

  12. IV. Citric Acid Cycle: (aka: Krebs Cycle) Aerobic Respiration: pyruvic acid molecules broken down to produce ATP

  13. Acetyl - CoA 6-carbon molecule - CoA C C C C C C C C Citric Acid NAD+ C C C C Oxaloacetic Acid NADH + H NADH + H FADH2 CO2 ATP FAD+ C C C C C NAD+ ADP Ketoglutaric Acid C C C C Succinic Acid CO2 NAD+ NADH + H

  14. IV. Citric Acid Cycle: (aka: Krebs Cycle) A. takes place in the matrix of mitochondria B. 2CO2 produced C. 2 NADH + 2H+ produced D. 1 FADH2 produced

  15. E. Steps of the Citric Acid Cycle: (for every turn of the cycle) 1. Oxaloacetic acid reacts with Acetyl CoA forming citric acid (a six carbon molecule). 2. NAD, an electron carrier picks up 2 H+, forming NADH + H+ 3. This energy transfer releases a C from citric acid, forming a five carbon molecule and a free CO2 as waste 4. Ketoglutaric Acid loses a C, which forms a four carbon molecule and a free CO2 as waste. 5. 1 P+ is freed from Ketoglutaric acid,which is combined with 1 ADP to form 1 ATP. 6. 2 H+ are picked up by 1 FAD, another electron carrier, to form FADH2 7. Succinic is converted into Oxaloacetic Acid 8. Cycle is ready to begin again. 9. Result is 2ATP for 2 spins of the cycle.

  16. V. Electron Transport Chain A. Occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria. B. NADH and FADH2 deliver energized electrons (H+) to the proteins within the membrane. This releases NAD+ and FAD to return to matrix to be used in the Citric Acid Cycle again. C. Carrier proteins supply the electron pathway. D. With each jump on the chain, 2 H2O are produced. E. With each jump on the chain, 1 ATP is produced from ADP + P+ Total 36ATP

  17. F. Steps of the Electron Transport Chain 1. NADH and FADH2, produced in the Citric Acid Cycle, deliver energized electrons (H+) to the proteins within the membrane. 2. Electrons are passed from protein to protein within the membrane 3. Energy is released with each electron jump. a. Some of this energy is used to form ATP b. Some of this energy is utilized by an enzyme to “pump” H+ into the center of the mitochondrion’s inner membrane. c. This results in a positive net charge in the membrane (gradient of H+)

  18. space between inner and outer membrane of mitochondrion (matrix) H+ H+ H+ Enzyme H+ inner membrane FADH2 H+ H+ ATP ADP + P H2O NAD+ NADH H2O H+ FAD 4H+ + O2 + 4 electrons 4. The final electron acceptor at the bottom of the chain is oxygen (producing H2O). center of mitochondrion

  19. G. Result of overall process is: 32 ATP from electron transport chain 2ATP from citric acid cycle 2ATP from glycolysis Total 36ATP

  20. VI. Fermentation—Anaerobic Respiration: Break down of pyruvic acid when oxygen (O2) is not available. A. occurs in simple organisms like some bacteria and yeast B. CO2 is a waste product C. products are alcohol or lactic acid D. less efficient than aerobic respiration

  21. E. Two types of fermentation 1. lactic acid fermentation a. occurs under anaerobic conditions in animals b. oxygen is not present, so NADH and FADH2 cannot release their energized Electrons c. citric acid cycle cannot continue without constant supply of NAD and FAD d. two molecules of pyruvic acid use NADH (from glycolysis) to form 2 molecules of ATP from each molecule of glucose

  22. E. Two types of fermentation 2. Alcoholic Fermentation used by yeast and some bacteria products: CO2 and ethyl alcohol

More Related