WWI Causes and Effects: Operations, Americas, People

1. Unit 2 Review: WWI Operations Causes Americas People Effects 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

2. 100 Causes Why did Gavrilo Princip assassinate Archduke Ferdinand?

3. Causes 100 Was a Serbian nationalist; wanted Serbian independence from Austria-Hungary

4. 200 Causes How did European imperialism in Africa lead to WWI? Also, give one SPECIFIC example of imperial conflict in Africa.

5. 200 Causes • Fought over land/resources in Africa • Intensified rivalries • Caused countries to form alliances • Moroccan Crisis: Germany tried to take land; threat to Britain & France

6. 300 Causes List four characteristics of militarism.

7. 300 Causes • Conscription • Increased military spending • Arms Race • Increased industrial production • Army and military forces are given a high profile by the government

8. 400 Causes List the two types of nationalism and an example of each type.

9. 400 Causes • Independent nations’ desire for dominance • Austria-Hungary, Germany, Britain, France • Oppressed group’s desire for independence • Serbia (Slavs and Balkans in general)

10. 500 Causes With regards to alliances….the first European alliance, the Dual Alliance was between ______ and _______. It eventually became the Triple Alliance when ______ joined (even though they would switch sides after the ___________).

11. 500 Causes With regards to alliances….the first European alliance, the Dual Alliance was between Germany and Austria-Hungary. It eventually became the Triple Alliance when Italy joined (even though they would switch sides after the Treaty of London).

12. 100 Americas Describe two ways in which WWI changed the status of women in the U.S.

13. 100 Americas • Increased participation in the workforce • Took jobs in industrial sector (previously reserved for males) • Increased economic and social independence • Demanded right to vote

14. 200 Americas List TWO ways Canada showed their changed status as a British dominion during/post-WWI.

15. 200 Americas • Commanded their own separate Canadian regiment • Imperial War Conference • Signed the Treaty of Versailles independent from England • Joined the League of Nations as their own country • Created separate trade agreements with the U.S.

16. 300 Americas List one cause and one effect of Canada’s Military Service Act of 1917.

17. 300 Americas • Cause: Britain demanded more men from her imperial colonies; Canadian voluntary enlistment dropped as war progressed • Effect: Large exemption rate, expanded military, conscription crisis, furthered the divide between British and French Canadians

18. 400 Americas List three reasons why the U.S. rejected Wilson’s Plans for Peace following the Paris Peace Conference (1919).

19. 400 Americas • Did not support Article X in the League of Nations that required “collective security” • Conservative/Republican shift • Civilian support • Isolationism • Bigger threat  radical political parties!

20. 500 Americas Define three specific acts/laws/groups created by the U.S. to prepare for war.

21. 500 Americas • Espionage/Sedition Act: Attempt to decrease opposition of war and protect national security • Selective Service Act: Implemented Conscription • Food Administration: Managed production, distribution, cost of goods • War Industries Board: converted factories to war production • Committee on Public Information: increased patriotic support through propaganda, news, etc.

22. 100 People List four things Wilson proposed as necessary in order to establish a “permanent peace.”

23. 100 People • No victor • Free/open access to trade and ocean routes • Demilitarization • No alliances • Countries need to protect individual rights • U.S. should oversee democratic transitions

24. 200 People Trained and equipped the Canadian militia; was important in fighting for independent command of Canadian troops

25. 200 People Sam Hughes

26. 300 People Two Canadian Prime Ministers involved in this period: ________ focused on domestic issues like unifying French and English Canada, and _________ focused on foreign issues like WWI and Canadian independence

27. 300 People Two Canadian Prime Ministers involved in this period: Laurier focused on domestic issues like unifying French and English Canada, and Borden focused on foreign issues like WWI and Canadian independence

28. 400 People Brazilian president _____ focused military preparation on naval expansion so he created the ________ which combined smaller Brazilian fleets into one large navy.

29. 400 People Brazilian president Bras focused military preparation on naval expansion so he created the DNOG (Naval Division for War Operations) which combined smaller Brazilian fleets into one large navy.

30. 500 People When German Kaiser Wilhelm II came to power in 1888, he launched Germany on a “new course” or Weltpolitik. List two things that happened as a result of this change in German politics.

31. 500 People • Broke previous alliance with Russia • Increased support for Austria-Hungary • Increased the desire to colonize – said Germany needed colonies in Africa!

32. 100 Operations How did the role of the airplane change over the course of WWI?

33. 100 Operations • First used primarily as reconnaissance and surveillance • Eventually add artillery component and improved maneuverability • Used later for dogfights • Eventually developed into strategic bombing

34. 200 Operations List three reasons why the Schlieffen Plan failed to achieve it’s aims.

35. 200 Operations • Russia mobilized quicker than anticipated (forced Germany into a two-front war) • Germany faced more resistance in Belgium than predicted • Germany overstretched  physical exertion & increasing casualties • French plane spotted German movement and exposed right flank = counter-attack!

36. 300 Operations Why was Germany able to defeat Russia at the Battle of Tannenberg?

37. 300 Operations • Generals Hindenburg & Ludendorff exploited animosity between two Russian Generals  Encircled each Russian group individually at Battle of Tannenberg  Forced Russian retreat and massive casualties

38. 400 Operations List one cause and one effect of Italy’s entrance to the Allied alliance in 1915.

39. 400 Operations • Cause: They were promised territory in the Balkans if they joined the Allies • Effect: Austrians forced to divert troops South, relieved Russia who re-gained 100 miles of territory, allow a launching point to attack Ottomans, promise broken = rise of Mussolini

40. 500 Operations What was Germany’s goal in the Battle of Verdun? Why did they fail to accomplish this goal?

41. 500 Operations • Germany’s goal: attack French so ferociously they would be forced to surrender! War of attrition! • Failed: Poor weather gave France time to regroup, difficult to move heavy German guns across torn land, France relied on one major supply line that was never cut, hard to keep track of who held which areas, drew Germany into war of attrition = stalemate!

42. 100 Effects Name one similarity in post-WWI Brazil and Canada.

43. 100 Effects Less reliance on Europe and more on the U.S.; more economic diversity

44. 200 Effects Which groups were targeted in the Armenian Genocide?

45. 200 Effects • Christians • Political Dissenters • Armenians, Assyrians & Greeks

46. 300 Effects List three effects of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

47. 300 Effects • Allowed Russia’s withdrawal from the war • Gave occupied territories in Eastern Europe to Germany • Lost huge portion of resources produced in their territory • Increased resentment from rest of Allies • Allowed Germany to focus troops on Western Front • Prohibited their participation in the Paris Peace Conference

48. 400 Effects List five military consequences implemented in Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.

49. 400 Effects • Army reduced to 100,000 men • Prohibited to have tanks or poison gas. • No air force • The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle-ships • Import & export of weapons is prohibited • Manufacturing of rifles & machine guns was limited • The area known as the Rhineland was to be de-militarized. • The Allies were to occupy the debated territories for fifteen years. • Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.

50. 500 Effects List FIVE events that led to Germany’s surrender.