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7.3 Combinations

7.3 Combinations. Combinations. A combination is a selection of a group of objects taken from a larger pool for which the kinds of objects selected is of importance but not the order in which they were selected. How many arrangements are there for the letters ABC ?. ABC ACB BCA BAC

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7.3 Combinations

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  1. 7.3 Combinations Math 30-1

  2. Combinations A combination is a selection of a group of objects taken from a larger pool for which the kinds of objects selected is of importance but not the order in which they were selected. How many arrangements are there for the letters ABC? ABC ACB BCA BAC CAB CBA When the order of the letters is important there are six distinct arrangements or permutations. However, if order is not important and all you wanted was a grouping of ABC, there is only one way, or one combination. When order matters, you have permutations. When order does not matter, you have combinations. The number of combinations of n items taken r at a time is: n r Math 30-1

  3. Finding the Number of Combinations 1. Evaluate the following. = 35 2. A committee of four students is to be chosen from a group of 10 students. In how many ways can this be done? 10C4 The committee of four can be selected in 210 ways. = 210 Math 30-1

  4. Finding the Number of Combinations 3.a) A company is hiring people to fill five identical positions. There are 12 applicants. In how many ways can the company fill the five positions? The company can fill the five positions 792 ways. 12C5 (The number of combinations of 12 taken five at a time is 792). = 792 b) The company wants to hire applicant A and four of the other applicants. How many ways can the five positions be filled? With the selection of applicant A and four others, there are 330 ways of filling the positions. 1C1x11C4 = 330 4. A math class has 18 male students and 19 female students. A committee of four male and three female is to be selected. How many ways can this be done? Math 30-1 18C4x19C3 = 2 965 140

  5. Connecting wordsand, or, at least, at most, andno more than. 4. a) There are seven books on a shelf. In how many ways can five or more books be selected? Select 5 or 6 or 7: There are 29 ways to select five or more books. 7C5 + 7C6 + 7C7 = 21 + 7 + 1 = 29 b) If zero to seven books were to be selected, how many ways could this be done? 7C0 + 7C1 + 7C2 + 7C3 + 7C4 + 7C5 + 7C6 + 7C7 = 128 Alternative Strategy: To find the number of ways to select from zero to n objects, use 2n. 27 = 128 5.How many ways can one or more of five different toys be selected? There are 31 ways to select one and five of five toys. 2n - 5C0 = 25 - 1 = 32 - 1 = 31 Math 30-1

  6. Finding the Number of Combinations 6.There are seven women and five men applying for four positions with a company. The hiring committee wants to hire at least one woman. How many different ways can the four positions be filled? or 3 women and 1 man 1 woman and 3 men or 4 women and zero men or 2 women and 2 men (7C1 x5C3) = 490 + (7C2 x5C2) +(7C3 x5C1) + (7C4 x5C0) The four positions can be filled 490 different ways. Alternative Strategy: Take the total number of combinations and subtract the combinations containing no women. 12C4 - 5C4 x7C0 = 490 Math 30-1

  7. Finding the Number of Combinations 7. A math class has 18 male students and 19 female students. A committee of seven is to be selected. How many ways can this be done, if there must be at least one female on the committee? 37C7-18C7 x19C0 = 10 263 648 8.A committee of six is to be chosen from three girls and seven boys. Two particular boys must be on the committee. Find the number of ways of selecting the committee. 2C2 x8C4 = 70 9.How many five card hands can be dealt from a standard deck of 52 cards if: a) each hand must contain two aces? b) each hand must contain three red cards? 4C2 x48C3 = 103 776 26C3 x26C2 = 845 000 Math 30-1

  8. Problem Solving 7. There are eight points in a coordinate plane, no three points are collinear. a) How many line segments can be drawn? 8C2 = 28 b) How many triangles can be drawn? = 56 8C3 c) How many quadrilaterals can be drawn? = 70 8C4 Math 30-1

  9. Finding the Number of Combinations 8. How many diagonals are there in a hexagon? in an octagon? Hexagon: 6C2 - 6 = 9 = 20 Octagon:8C2 - 8 in an n-sided polygon? nC2 - n Math 30-1

  10. Diploma Questions 1. A basketball league has eight teams. Each team must play each other team four times during the season. How many games must be scheduled? 8C2x 4 = 112 112 games must be scheduled. 2. Solve the equation nC2 = 10 for n. nC2 = 10 n2 - n = 20 n2 - n - 20 = 0 (n - 5)(n + 4) = 0 n = 5 or n = -4 Therefore, n = 5. Math 30-1

  11. Solving Combinations 3. Show that 10C4 = 10C6 10C4 = 10C6 Therefore 10C4 = 10C6. 210 = 210 Therefore nCr = nC(n - r). 14C5 = 14Cr Solve: nC5 = nC7 n = 12 r = 9 Math 30-1

  12. Solving Problems with Combinations 4. If there are 190 handshakes in a room, and each person shook every other person’s hand one time, how many people are in the room? Therefore there would be 20 people in the room. Math 30-1

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