Discover Peru

1. Discover Peru www.peru.org.pe

2. PERU • Third largest country in South America • Fourth most populous country in South America with 25 million inhabitants • Five bordering countries • Over 53.5 millon hectares of rainforest

3. Territory • Covers an area equivalent to Spain, France and Italy combined. • Sovereignty extending 200 nautical miles and territorial rights to 60 million hectares in Antarctic. • Three natural regions: coast, highlands and rainforest.

4. Climate • Coast (Ica, Chiclayo, Lima, Piura, Trujillo, Tumbes) • Northern region: warm year-round with highs of up to 35ºC in the summer. • Central and southern regions: two well-defined seasons, winter, between April and October, and summer, between November and March. • Highlands (Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Puno) • This region has two seasons, summer, between April and October, and winter, between November and March. • Rainforest (Iquitos, Madre de Dios, Manu) • High rainforest (over 700 masl): has a temperate, subtropical climate with abundant rainfall. • Lower rainforest (under 700 masl): has two seasons, summer or dry season, between April and October, sunny and hot; and winter or rainy season between November and March, with frequent downpours.

5. Transportation • Entering the country • By air: approximately 25 airlines fly into Lima from various cities of South America, North America and Europe. These include: Aerolíneas Argentinas, Aeroméxico, Alitalia, American Airlines, Avianca, Continental, Copa, Delta Airlines, Iberia, KLM, Lacsa, Lan Chile, Lan Peru and Lufthansa. Peru has 4 international airports: Arequipa, Cusco, Lima and Iquitos. • By land: from Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia and Brazil. • Domestic transportation • By air: Aerocontinente, Aviandina, Lan Peru, Taca and Tans are the main domestic airlines with regularly scheduled flights to the most popular destinations. • By land: the main domestic land carriers are Cruz del Sur, Oltursa and Ormeño.

6. Cooking • Potatoes: one of the Peruvian main contributions to the world • Fresh fruits: chirimoya, passion fruit, aguaymanto, lucuma and mango • Drinks Beverage: chicha (maize beer) and pisco (grape brandy) • Main dishes: cebiche (raw fish in lime juice, coast), pachamanca (meats and vegetable in a hot pit, highlands), cecina (smoked game, rainforest)

7. Why Peru? • Archaeological heritage • Ecological paradise • Experiential tourism Machu Picchu, Cuzco

8. Archaeological Heritage • Ancient cultures fluorished across Peru hundreds of years ago (Lord of Sipan in Chiclayo). • Inca Empire (1350 a.D.- 1530 a.D.) dominated most of the Andes with its capital in Cusco (Machu Picchu, the Sacred City). • The most impressive agricultural terracing in the New World (Collaguas Valley in Arequipa, near the mountain where the mummy called Juanita, maiden of Ampato, was found). • More than 100 archaeological sites just in Lima (Pachacamac was a pilgrimage center for over 2,000 years). A gold mask from the Sepulcre of the Lord of Sipán

9. An Ecological Paradise • The Andean mountain range, rain forests and 2,500 km. of coastline. • Contains 84 of the world´s 104 micro-climates. • More than 40 natural areas protected by the goverment (10 million ha.) • More than 20% of the world´s bird species. • Between 40,000 and 50,000 species of plants. Vicunas in the National Park of Pampa Galeras, Ayacucho

10. Experiential Tourism • Four hundred year old feasts connect the tourists with sources of spiritual energy (Coyllur Rit´i in Cusco between May and June). • Many villages maintain their ancestral way of life (Amazon inhabitants). • Thousands of people continue to speak Quechua, the language of the Incas.

11. Main Destinations Iquitos Cajamarca Chiclayo Trujillo Huaraz Lima Madre de Dios Cusco Puno Nasca Arequipa

12. Trujillo • El Brujo archaeological complex • Used as a stage by shamans from the Chicama valley. • Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna • Considered to be the largest mud pyramid in Peru. • Chan Chan • The largest adobe brick city of pre-hispanic America. • Huanchaco • Located an hour north is the small port of Chicama, visited by surfers from all over the world who come to ride the longest wave in the world. • Traditional totora reed rafts

13. Chiclayo, Lambayeque • Huaca Rajada • Consisting of 2 huge adobe pyramids . • In 1987, the remains of the Señor de Sipán were found intact in a special tomb. • Batán Grande National Reserve • Consisting of 20 pre-Inca structures, where several different high-quality gold items were found. Considered one of the most important metallurgical centers of Peru. • Túcume or Valley of the Pyramids • Consisting of 20 adobe pyramids each measuring almost 40 meters in height.

14. Cajamarca • Baños del Inca • Hot-springs renown for their healing power. • Used by Inca nobles 500 years ago. • Ventanillas de Otuzco • Horizontal galleries several meters deep. • Excavated in volcanic rock during the pre-Inca period, for funeral use. • Cumbe Mayo • The Aqueduct is an impressive system of channels cut into volcanic rock. • Porcón Farm • Successful cooperative that has opened its doors to agrotourism.

15. Ancash: Callejón de Huaylas • Chavín de Huántar • 3,000years ago it was the main religious and cultural center of the western world. These buildings still have numerous underground galleries and passageways. • Llanganuco Lagoons • Huascarán National Park • Highest tropical mountain range in the world. • Declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. • Cordillera Blanca • Mountaineering capital of Peru, has countless trekking circuits

16. Lima, Capital of Peru • Founded in 1535 by Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro. • The most important and powerful metropolis of Spanish America during the XVI and XVII centuries. • Lima, capital of the department of the same name, is divided into 43 districts, among them, Miraflores, San Isidro, Barranco and Chorrillos. • Callao, located 14 km from downtown Lima, is home to the country’s main port as well as to interesting tourist attractions such as the Real Felipe Fort.

17. Main tourist attractions • Plaza Mayor or Main Square • Three of the most important buildings from the colonial period surround this plaza: Cathedral, the Presidential Palace (known as Pizarro’s home) and the City Hall. • Churches and convents • Iglesia y Convento de San Francisco • Iglesia de San Pedro • Iglesia y Convento de Santo Domingo • Convento de los Descalzos • Mansions and historic monuments • Casa del Oidor • Palacio de Osambela • Casa de Aliaga • Casa de Pilatos • Most important museums • National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History • National Museum

18. Outside Lima • Pachacámac Pyramid • Oracle and pilgrimage center for over 2000 years. • Lomas de Lachay Reserve • Coastal forest fed by mists; many mammal species, including deer and foxes. • Villa Wetlands Reserve • Resting and feeding spot on the route of many migratory bird species.

19. Ica • Paracas National Reserve • Major wintering site for migratory shore birds from North America, Galapagos Islands, Patagonia and the Antartic. • Incredible diversity of fish, shellfish, mollusks, marine algae, and marine mammals • Habitat of the Humboldt Penguin and the Andean Condor • Ballestas Islands • Access: Ships from Bahía de Paracas or El Chaco beach (round travel: 4-5 hours). • Rocky formations sheltering an important sea fauna: 2 vast guano seabirds colonies (guanayes and pelicans) Peruvian penguins (from Humboldt). • Seawolves: Otaria byronia and Arctocephalus australis.

20. The Nasca Lines • Mysterious sand drawings covering a 1000 km². • Massive zoomorphic figures, including the humming bird, spiders and monkeys. • According to Dr. María Reiche, the drawings are the largest astronomical calendar in the world.

21. Arequipa, The White City • Downtown • Cathedral • Convento e Iglesia de San Francisco • La Compañía de Jesús • Colca Valley • Highlights include the Ampato and Sabancaya volcanoes • Puerto Inca • Formerly the coastal locality used by the Incas to supply the city of Cusco with fish.

22. Cusco, Capital of the Inca Empire • The Cathedral • La Compañia de Jesús church • San Blas (artists´ quarter) • Koricancha • Sacsayhuamán • Its outer ramparts consist of huge carved • stones (some weighing over 350 tons). • Sacred Valley of the Incas • Pisac • Ollantaytambo, inhabited since Inca times

23. Machu Picchu • Located 120 km northwest of Cusco. • Access: by train (4 hours), helicopter (20 minutes) or by hiking the Inca Trail (4 days). • Scientifically discovered in 1911. • Consists of military type structures as well as plazas, shrines and terraces.

24. Puno • Lake Titicaca • Highest navigable lake in the world, home to extraordinary wildlife. • Uros Island • Inhabitants employ totora (reed), to fashion rafts and handicrafts. • Taquile Island • Ancient cultural traditions, including weaving; community-based tourism.

25. Loreto • PacayaSamiria National Reserve • Established in 1982, Peru’s largest national reserve: 2,080,000 hectares. • Its countless lakes, swamps and flood plains are home to 130 types of mammals, 330 bird species, and countless numbers of amphibians and reptiles. • Among its main attractions are the giant turtles, manatees, dolphins, black caymans, macaws, jaguars, eagles and paiche.

26. Amazonas Kuélap • Pre-Hispanic citadel of Chachapoyas kingdom. The most valuable arqueological atraction from peruvian northwest. • The complex walls are decorated with geometric friezes. It also presents the enigmatic ink-pot (up-side-down cone). Acces to the edification are narrow corridors, similar to a falling funnel strategically built to protect the citadel of invaders. • Due to its impressive characteristics is possible that in social level many reigns had existed with common characteristics such as idiom, religion and architecture.

27. Madre de Dios • Manu National Park • Established in 1973, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. • Peru’s most valuable natural treasure due to the great number of species it holds and of the diversity of ecosystems it protects. • Natural setting with more than 20,000 plant, 1,200 butterfly, 1,000 bird and 200 mammal species as well as numerous reptile, amphibian and insect species. • Bahuaja-Sonene National Park • Located in the jungle regions of Puno and Madre de Dios. • Tambopata Candamo Reserve • Created in 1990, it has countless lakes filled with fauna such as the giant otter.

28. Places in Peru declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO • Chan Chan Archaeological Zone, Cultural Heritage • Huascarán National Park, Natural Heritage • Chavín de Huántar Archaeological Complex, Cultural Heritage • Lima’s Historical City Center, Cultural Heritage • The Nasca Lines, Cultural Heritage • Cusco’s Historical City Center, Cultural Heritage • Machu Picchu Historical Sanctuary, Cultural and Natural Heritage • Manu National Park, Natural Heritage • Río Abiseo National Park, Cultural and Natural Heritage • Arequipa’s Historical City Center, Cultural Heritage

29. Main folk festivals in Peru • Marinera Dance Festival (Trujillo, La Libertad): January 4 - 20 • Virgen de la Candelaria (Puno): February 2 • Easter Holy Week (Ayacucho): March and April • Peruvian Paso Horse Festival (Trujillo): September • Virgen de Chapi (Arequipa): May 1 • Qoyllur Rit’i (Cusco): June 12 • Inti Raymi (Cusco): June 24 • San Juan (Cusco, Loreto, San Martín, Ucayali): June 24 • Virgen del Carmen (Paucartambo, Cusco): July 15, 16 • El Señor de los Milagros (Lima): October 18 -28

30. Calle Uno Oeste No. 50, Piso 13 y 14, Urb. Córpac - San Isidro Telephones 224 3271 / 224 3125 / 224 32 79 www.peru.org.pe