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MAGMA CHAMBER

Parts of a volcano Also see the Glossary of volcano terminology http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_terminology.html. The space where magma collects below a volcano. MAGMA CHAMBER. The channel through which magma rises to the surface. CONDUIT. Vent = the top of the conduit.

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MAGMA CHAMBER

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  1. Parts of a volcanoAlso see the Glossary of volcano terminologyhttp://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_terminology.html The space where magma collects below a volcano MAGMA CHAMBER The channel through which magma rises to the surface CONDUIT

  2. Vent = the top of the conduit Crater = rim of the vent SUMMIT ERUPTION (Lava and other materials erupting from a vent on top) Can also be FLANK eruption (materials erupting from a vent on the SIDE)

  3. A CALDERA forms • When the magma chamber of a volcano empties out and the volcano collapses (e.g. Crater Lake, Oregon) Or • When a volcano blows its top (e.g. Mount St. Helens)

  4. Major types of volcanoes also see on-line supplemental texthttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/ • SHIELD VOLCANOES • Broad, gentle domes, formed from basaltic lava (Example: Hawaii) • Can havelava flows with smooth, glassy rope-like surfaces called PAHOEHOE, or • Lava flows with jagged broken surface called AA • CINDER CONES • Small, symmetrical conical pile of PYROCLASTS (meaning solid chunks of rocks and ash) Example: Sunset crater

  5. COMPOSITE VOLCANOES or STRATOVOLCANOES • Cone shaped, with alternating layers of lava and loose pyroclastics (Example: Mount Shasta, Mount Fuji) • Associated with subduction zones • Distributed around the Pacific ocean (Ring of fire) and Mediterranean sea

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