Folds, Faults, and Mountain Types

1. Folds, Faults, and Mountain Types

2. Mountains formation – Three types • 1. Volcanic • 2. Folded • 3. Faulted

3. Mountains caused by Pressure • As plates move, pressure builds causing bends or breaks in land. • Any time crust moves it will cause an earthquake

4. Folding • When rock is put under stress, sometimes it bends… this is called FOLDING. • These make folded mountains.

5. Folds: • These types of folds are called ANTICLINE folds

6. Folds: • These types of folds are called SYNCLINE folds.

7. Folds: • When one side moves up and the other moves down, these types of folds are called MONOCLINE folds

8. Faults Section • Sometimes rock doesn’t bend, but it breaks instead… this is called FAULTING. • These make Fault-Block Mountains • There are 3 types of faults: • Normal Fault • Reverse Fault • Strike Slip Fault

9. Normal Faults • The hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. • Occurs when TENSION causes tectonic plates to move apart. • Happens at a divergent plate boundary

10. Normal Fault

11. Reverse Faults • The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. (the reverse of a normal fault) • Occurs when COMPRESSION causes tectonic plates to push rocks together. • Happens at a convergent plate boundary.

12. Reverse Faults View of the hanging wall

13. Faults Normal Fault Reverse Fault • When rocks are pulled apart • One slab of rock slides DOWNWARD • When rocks are pushed together • One slab of rock slides UPWARD

14. Strike Slip Faults • When opposing forces called SHEARING cause the rock to break and move horizontally. • The ground appears to move to the left or right. • Happens at a transform plate boundary.

15. Strike Slip Faults

16. Review: