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U.S. Programs & Policy

U.S. Programs & Policy. Ken Alexander Senior Advisor, National Coordination Office CNS/ATM 2008 Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association and 853d Electronic Systems Group Tampa, Florida June 26, 2008. Overview. Introduction Global Positioning System

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U.S. Programs & Policy

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  1. U.S. Programs & Policy Ken AlexanderSenior Advisor, National Coordination Office CNS/ATM 2008 Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association and 853d Electronic Systems Group Tampa, FloridaJune 26, 2008

  2. Overview • Introduction • Global Positioning System • GPS Augmentations/Backups • U.S. Policy • International Cooperation

  3. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08

  4. New Applications Evolving Every Day • Environmental Monitoring • Excavation/Open pit mining • Automatic snowplow guidance • Child/Pet tracking • Spacecraft control • Wireless/Mobile applications

  5. GNSS is Key to Scientific Monitoringof the Earth To better understand the changes and complex dynamic processes of our home planet

  6. Keys to the Global Success of GPS • Program Stability and Performance • Civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993 • Continuity of constellation and signals ensured through Air Force operation and acquisition • Continuous improvements in accuracy, availability, etc. • Funding through U.S. taxpayers • Policy Stability and Transparency • Open access to civil GPS signals, free of direct user fees • Open, free, and stable technical documentation • Market-based competition worldwide • Liberal export controls on GPS user equipment • National-level policy coordination including civil and military leaders • Commercial Entrepreneurship and Investment

  7. Overview • Introduction • Global Positioning System • GPS Augmentations/Backups • U.S. Policy • International Cooperation

  8. The Global Positioning System • Baseline 24 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit • Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions • Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies • Two types of signals: • Standard (free of direct user fees) • Precise (U.S. and Allied military) • Three segments: • Space • Ground control • User equipment

  9. GPS Constellation Status 31 Operational SatellitesAs of June 1, 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24) • 13 Block IIA • 12 Block IIR • 6 Block IIR-M • Transmitting new second civil signal • Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need • 2 Block IIR-M’s remaining • Next launch: September 2008 GPS is moving into its 4th Decade of Service First Launch 22 Feb 1978

  10. Continuous Performance Improvement Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS services • Accuracy • Bounded inaccuracy • Integrity • Assured availability • Resistance to RF interference/jamming Performance Standard Decreasing range error Year

  11. USG Commitment to GPS • Based on a constellation with 24 Nominal Plane/Slot Positions • 24 Operational Satellites 95% (averaged over any day) – All 24 may not be operating • Not All SVs may be located in Primary Orbit Slots • 21 of 24 Plane/Slot Positions must be set healthy and transmitting a navigation signal with 98% probability (averaged yearly) • 6 meter User Range Error (URE)

  12. GPS Constellation StatusSatellite Age as of March 2008 16 14 12 10 Years 8 6 BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR BLOCK IIR-M 4 2 Satellite 23 24 25 26 27 53 52 58 57 55 39 35 34 36 33 40 30 38 43 46 37 61 32 47 59 60 51 44 41 54 56 45

  13. Recent GPS Improvements • Expanded GPS ground network to triple amount of monitor data sent to control station • 10-15% improvement in accuracy of GPS data broadcast • Launched 3 modernized satellites in past 8 months • Largest GPS constellation size ever • Retiring old satellites improves overall GPS accuracy • Transitioned to entirely new, modernized master control station • Improved operational flexibility and responsiveness • Added backup control station

  14. GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Alaska England Schriever AFB Colorado S Korea Vandenberg AFB California USNO Cape Canaveral Hawaii Bahrain Kwajalein Ecuador Tahiti Diego Garcia Ascension S Africa Argentina Australia New Zealand Ground Antenna Master Control Station OCS Monitor Station Monitor Station Backup Master Control Station NGA Monitor Station Ground Antenna Future Monitor Station Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)

  15. All Segment – GPS Modernization Satellites • Modernized (Block IIR-M) • 2nd civil signal (L2C) • M-Code signals (L1M, L2M) GPS III (Block C) • Increased accuracy • Increased signal strength • Signal integrity • Search and Rescue • Common GalileoOS/GPS (L1C) • Modernized (Block IIF) • 3rd civil signal (L5) • Legacy (Block IIA/IIR) • Basic GPS • C/A civil signal (L1C/A) • Std Pos. Service • Precise Pos. Service • L1 & L2 P(Y) nav Control Systems Legacy • TT&C • L1 & L2 monitoring Upgraded (AEP) • IIR-M IIF TT&C • WAGE, AII, LADO • New MCS/AMCS OCX Block 1(Modernized) • New Architecture • L2C, L5, M-Code • Flex Power OCX Block 2 • L1C OCX Block 3/4) • Spot Beam • Mission Planning • Near-real Time Command and Control User Equipment Legacy • Man Pack • MAGR, PLGR • RCVR-3A, 3S • OH, UH • FRPA, CRPA Upgraded • DAGR • CSEL • GAS-1 • MAGR2K • GB-GRAM Modernized • MUE • MSR

  16. Benefits of GPS Modernization • System-wide improvements in accuracy, availability, integrity, and reliability to: • Meet increasing civil, commercial and military demands • Remain the pre-eminent space-based military PNT system • Higher standalone accuracy • More robust against interference • Provides separate more secure Military signal • Capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil signals • Delivers L1C for interoperability with other GNSS • Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use

  17. Third Civil Signal (L5) • Increasing interoperability • Galileo E5a, GLONASS, Compass, QZSS, WAAS & other SBAS • Demonstration signal in 2008 • 24 satellites by 2018 • Designed to meet demanding requirements for aviation safety • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band • Wider bandwidth improves resistance to interference • Signal Structure for enhanced performance • Higher power than other GPS signals

  18. Navigation Integrity: 1e-7/hr GPS II and GPS IIIA SPACE SEGMENT Accuracy: 1.0 – 4.0 m rms SIS Integrity: 1e-5/SV/hr 10 SVs Visible: 1e-4/hr GPS SIS INTERFACE Augmentation • RAIM • DGPS CONTROL SEGMENT USER SEGMENT

  19. GPS Critical to Safety-of-Life Applications Positioning Signal Integrity and Continuity Assurance (PSICA) is needed to ensure GPS IIIC meets stringent requirements for safety-of-life (e.g., aviation) application

  20. Navigation Integrity: 1e-7/hr GPS IIIC SPACE SEGMENT SIS Accuracy: 0.25 m rms SIS Integrity: 1e-8/SV/hr 10 SVs Visible: 1e-7/hr GPS SIS INTERFACE Augmentation • RAIM • DGPS CONTROL SEGMENT USER SEGMENT

  21. GALILEO QZSS GLONASS GPS Goal of Global Navigation Satellite System Civil Interoperability • Interoperability allows navigation with signals from four different systems with minimum additional receiver cost or complexity Interoperable = Better Together than Separate

  22. GPS Summary • Success in GPS sustainment & modernization • New capabilities delivering enhanced performance • Developments on track to enhance space and control and user segments • GPS is an excellent global navigation utility • Excellent cooperation with augmentation service providers • U.S. looks forward to working with all to ensure GNSS civil systems are interoperable for the benefit of all users • U.S. is continuing to modernize and improve GPS • To remain the pre-eminent space-based PNT service • To lead the future GNSS system-of-systems

  23. Overview • Introduction • Global Positioning System • GPS Augmentations/Backups • U.S. Policy • International Cooperation

  24. Enhanced accuracy <1.5 m WAAS vertical accuracy for aviation 2-5 cm for real-time positioning, surveying, etc. <1 cm for geodesy, geology, etc. Integrity monitoring 6 sec time to alarm for aviation . Augmentations Improve GPS Performance

  25. Nationwide Differential GPS Wide Area Augmentation System Local Area Augmentation System Continuously Operating Reference Stations U.S. Augmentations

  26. Differential GPS Networks Space-Based Augmentation Systems Global Differential GPS System International GNSS Service International Augmentations

  27. Intelsat 133°W Telesat 107°W Wide Area Augmentation System • Two replacement satellites launched in 2005 • Dual coverage over United States • Ranging improves availability • Integrity corrections for clock, ephemeris, and ionosphere • Service expanded into Canada and Mexico • Reference stations in Mexico (5) and Canada (4) support operations since 2007

  28. Enhanced Loran as National Backup to GPS • Enhanced Loran (eLoran) announced as national backup to GPS for PNT in Feb 2008 • As recommended by Independent Assessment Team and National Executive Committee • Funded through Department of Homeland Security • Will replace legacy Loran-C system

  29. Overview • Introduction • Global Positioning System • GPS Augmentations/Backups • U.S. Policy • International Cooperation

  30. U.S. Policy History • 1978: First GPS satellite launched • 1983: President offered free civilian GPS access to GPS • 1996: Established joint civil/military GPS management • 1997: Congress passes law providing civil GPS access free of direct user fees • 2000: President set Selective Availability to “Zero” • 2004: President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT • 2007: President announces Selective Availability eliminated from future GPS III satellites

  31. U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology • No direct user fees for civil GPS services • Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis • Open, public signal structures for all civil services • Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacturing, applications development, and value-added services • Encourages open, market-driven competition • Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems • Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS • Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS • Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference • Address mutual security concerns with international providers to prevent hostile use

  32. Defense Transportation State Interior NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Agriculture Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure WHITE HOUSE Ad HocWorking Groups

  33. Program Coordination Five-Year National Plan National PNT Architecture GPS Modernization Civil GPS Funding Nationwide Differential GPS Enhanced LORAN Distress Alerting Satellite System International Cooperation Bilateral Multilateral Spectrum Management Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan Spectrum Protection Plan Outreach Publications, websites Educational exhibit Conferences, workshops, other venues Coordination of U.S. message Executive Committee Activities

  34. Overview • Introduction • Global Positioning System • GPS Augmentations/Backups • U.S. Policy • International Cooperation

  35. International Cooperation • Cooperative relationships established with Europe, Japan, Russia, India, Australia • U.S. goals: • Compatibility and interoperability • National security • Level playing field in global markets • Multilateral cooperation • International Committee on GNSS • ICAO, IMO, NATO

  36. Satellite-Based Augmentations WAAS (US) MSAS (Japan) EGNOS (EU) GAGAN (India) Planned GNSS • Global Constellations • GPS (US) • GLONASS (Russia) • Galileo (EU) • Compass (China) • Regional Constellations • QZSS (Japan) • IRNSS (India)

  37. Compatibility/Interoperability Objectives • Ensure compatibility― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space based PNT services operating separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal • Radio frequency compatibility • Spectral separation between M code and other signals • Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services operating together to provide better user capabilities than by relying on one service or signal • Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals Pursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral Cooperation

  38. International Committee on GNSS • Promotes GNSS use and integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries • Encourages system compatibility, interoperability • Membership: GNSS providers, international organizations and associations • Providers Forum • United States, Europe, Russia, China, India, Japan • Focused discussions on compatibility, interoperability • Next plenary in Pasadena, Dec 2008

  39. Summary • GPS performance continues to improve • Augmentations enable even higher performance • New GPS signals are available now • Modernization providing unprecedented new capabilities • U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations • International cooperation is a high priority • Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations • As new GNSS systems and applications emerge, compatibility and interoperability are critical • The U.S. goal is to maintain GPS as the recognized global “Gold Standard” • U.S. military PNT pre-eminence is a continuing priority

  40. For Additional Information… GPS.gov PNT.gov

  41. 6822 Herbert C. Hoover BuildingWashington, D.C. 20230United States of America Tel: +1 (202) 482-5809Email: Ken.Alexander@pnt.gov Presentations and additional information: www.pnt.gov

  42. BACKUPS

  43. C/A C/A C/A C/A C/A C/A C/A C/A GPS M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ P(Y)‏ Beidou/Compass ITU Filings Here ITU Filings Here ITU Filings Here ITU Filings Here L1 1575.42 MHz L5 1176.45 MHz E6 1278.75 MHz L2 1227.6 MHz GNSS Frequency Bands and Signals SBAS SBAS L2 1227.6 MHz L1 1575.42 MHz L5 1176.45 MHz GLONASS Possible future signal Possible future signal 1598.0625- 1605.375 MHz 1242.9375- 1248.625 MHz GALILEO E6 1278.75 MHz L1 1575.42 MHz E5a 1176.45 MHz E5b 1207.14 MHz QZSS L1 1575.42 MHz L5 1176.45 MHz LEX 1278.75 MHz L2 1227.6 MHz

  44. Important for Interoperability • Common Center Frequency • Like L5 & E5a • Same Antenna Polarization • Common Signal Spectrum • Identical receiver time delay with common spectrum • Same coherent integration period for acquisition • Usually related to symbol rate • Different symbol rates may require separate search correlators for acquiring signals Essential (cost driver) Important (no time bias or filter issues) Desirable (ASIC gate count)

  45. GNSS integrity Channel (GIC) Key Feature Integrity Determination External to User Key Enabler Rapid Messaging Rate TTA of 6.2 Sec Key Benefit Redundant Ranging Signals Not Required Key Challenge Meeting TTA

  46. Absolute RAIM Key Feature Real-Time Integrity Determination by the User (ABAS) Key Enabler Redundant Ranging Sources 30 or More SVs Key Benefit Latency Relaxed to Hours

  47. Relative RAIM: Range Rate Residuals • Key Feature: • Real-Time Integrity Determination By User Using Carrier Phase Approach • Key Enabler • External Monitoring • Redundant Geometry • Key Benefit • TTA Latency Relaxed to Minutes Propagate the most recent monitored position with carrier phase only DHPL DVPL Most recent monitored position withcorresponding horizontal protection level (HPL) and vertical protection level (VPL) Growth in HPL and VPL due to RAIM on the carrier phase-based delta position updates From Prof. van Graas, Ohio University

  48. WAAS Approach Procedures LPVs: 1051 (as of 4/08) LNAV/VNAVs: 1275 WAAS Procedures to be Published to All Instrument Runways in the NAS by 2018

  49. Vertical Service Coverage

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