Human Body Team

1. Human Body Team All the systems play a part. How do they interact? Which one is the most important?

2. Skeletal System • Without me, you’d have no shape or structure…you’d be a blob. • I make you able to move! • I make your red blood cells that carry oxygen to all the cells. • I protect the precious brain, heart and spinal cord.

3. Skeletal System Functions: • Holds the organs in place • Provides support for the body and muscles • Stores minerals • Makes new blood cells

4. Skeletal System • Stores minerals • Makes new blood cells

5. Muscular System • The heart is made of cardiac muscle. • The internal organs are made of smooth muscle. • Without the skeletal muscles the bones couldn’t move.

6. Muscular System Functions: • Allows the body to move when attached to the bone- voluntary muscle (skeletal muscles) • Allows movement in internal organs- involuntary muscles (esophagus, intestines, heart/cardiac muscle)

7. Muscular System • Allows the body to move when attached to the bone • Contracting muscles; flexing

8. Muscular System • Allows movement in internal organs • Examples: heart, intestines, & esophagus

9. Involuntary Muscles(Are NOT controlling actively) Intestines & Esophagus (smooth muscle) Heart (cardiac muscle)

10. Voluntary Muscles(ARE controlling actively) Skeletal Muscles

11. Prosthetic legs: • think central: http://www-k6.thinkcentral.com/content/hsp/science/fusion/tx/gr7/vbp_te_9780544069473_/prosthetics.html?expand=true

12. Circulatory System • I carry oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body! • I am the heart, the veins, the arteries, capillaries and blood. • I transport the white blood cells to all the infections and injuries. • Without me, the oxygen and the CO2 in the body couldn’t reach the cells or lungs.

13. Circulatory System Functions: • Circulates blood through the body • Supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients • Removes wastes

14. What is blood made of? • Red blood cells- hold onto oxygen and carbon dioxide (need hemoglobin- iron within blood cells) • White blood cell- fight infection • Platelets- help in blood clotting • Plasma- liquid (mainly water based) that holds all blood cells in suspension [55%]

15. Circulatory System • Major Organs/ tissues: • Heart • Veins/ arteries • Blood

16. Supplies cells with oxygen and nutrientsand removes waste-O2 to the cells -CO2 out of the cells-Nutrients from the stomach to all cells in the body

17. Respiratory System • I bring in the oxygen that is carried on the red blood cells…without me you’d have no oxygen to carry! • I carry the CO2 (waste gas) out of the body. • The circulatory system needs me for gas exchange. • The muscles need oxygen to move. • The brain needsmy oxygen to think.

18. Respiratory System Function: Supplies the blood with oxygen in the lungs and removes carbon dioxide

19. Respiratory System Structures: Lungs Trachea Alveoli Diaphragm

21. In the lungs:

22. Blood vessels in the lungs Oxygen crosses from the lungs into the blood.

23. Digestive/Excretory System • Without my system, the body would not be able to obtain energy and nutrients. • I break down all the food stuffed in my mouth into usable nutrients and expel the wastes.

24. Digestive System Function: • Breaks down food into pieces small enough to be absorbed into our blood • These small molecules of food can be taken into our cells to be used for making energy

26. Digestive Organs • Mouth – chews food to break it into smaller pieces • Esophagus – moves food from the mouth to your stomach using smooth muscle (think tube of toothpaste) • Stomach – mixes and crushes food into smaller pieces, secretes substances to break down food chemically and kill bacteria

27. Digestive Organs • Small Intestine – chemical digestion breaks food down into particles small enough they can be absorbed into the bloodstream, where most nutrients are absorbed • Large Intestine – absorbs water and nutrients, processes remaining waste to be eliminated from the body

28. Digestive System • Types of Digestion • Mechanical – food being physically broken down into smaller pieces (chewing, peristalsis in the stomach) • Chemical – large molecules of food broken down into smaller molecules by substances made in the body (stomach acid, enzymes)

29. Excretory System Function • Filters waste products out of the blood • Eliminates (gets rid of) these waste products as liquid waste

31. Excretory Organs • Kidneys – filters your blood up to 400 times a day removing waste • Ureters – connects the kidneys to the bladder • Bladder – Stores liquid waste until it is ready to be released • Urethra – guides the liquid waste out of the body

32. Nervous System I tell everything what to do. I tell the heart when to beat, the body when to move, the digestive system to add enzymes. I am the leader.

33. Nervous System Function- Controls the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimulus Made up of two main parts: the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

34. Central Nervous System Structures • Brain • Body’s central command organ • Receives and sends information from throughout the body in the form of electrical impulses

35. Central Nervous System Structures • Spinal Cord • A long bundle of nerves running from your brain all the way through your spine • Large nerves branch off the spinal cord and spread out to send and receive signals from every part of the body

36. Peripheral Nervous System Structures • Nerves • Bundles of specialized cells called neurons • Information moves through nerves in the form of electrical signals • Carries signals from the brain to every part of the body

37. Endocrine System Controls body functions and helps maintain homeostasis by using hormones Examples: controlling growth, reproduction and metabolism

38. Endocrine System Key Terms • Gland – groups of cells that produce special chemicals called hormones • Hormones – chemical messenger that causes a change in a cell or tissue in a different part of the body from where it was made • Homeostasis – maintaining a stable environment in your body

39. How It Works • Your body senses a change in one of it’s body systems • The body reacts to the change by triggering specific glands to start producing a specific hormone • The hormone is released into your blood stream to be carried throughout your body • The hormone reaches the target tissue or cell and signals a response

40. Response to a stimuli • Ex: phototropism- response to sunlight • Brainstorm how humans respond to stimuli?

41. Fight or Flight • Fight or Flight is an example of response to stimuli- • When a person is scared/ harmful attack- the either stay and fight or run away- Nervous system response.

42. Other examples: • Hand on a hot surface • Sweating • Heart rate increasing • Breathing increasing *All of this is to maintain/ regain homeostasis.

43. Homeostasis • Organisms maintain homeostasis (balance) through feedback mechanisms Feedback mechanisms- are the built-in systems of the body that signal the nervous system to respond to a stimuli

44. Fever and Vomiting • Fever- occurs when bacteria/viruses attack the immune system. • The body’s temperature is raised to kill off the bacteria/ virus • Vomiting- allows an animal/ human to expel bad food or poisonous substances from the body *Both are feedback mechanisms

45. Reproduction System • Without me, there would be not be any systems. • I am how the species continues.

46. Reproductive System • Functions • Create offspring (babies), through sexual reproduction, to carry on the survival of the species • Production of male and female specific hormones

47. Major Male Organ • Testes (in males) • Produces sperm cells (male reproductive cells) • Produces testosterone, the primary male hormone

48. Major Female Organs • Ovaries (in females) • Produces egg cells (female reproductive cells) • Produces estrogen, the primary female hormone • Fallopian Tubes • Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus • Where fertilization of an egg cell happens • Uterus • Structure in the body where a baby develops during pregnancy

49. Integumentary SystemSkin, Hair and Nails • I cover and protect every place on the body! • I am the first line of defense against invasion and injury. • I retain body heat yet, have pores to release excess heat and wastes. • I retain moisture and your body is almost 80% water!

50. Integumentary System Protective covering of the body; includes the skin, hair, nails and sweat glands.