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Enhancing Coastal Web Atlases with Ontologies and Standards

Explore how ontologies and standards benefit coastal Web atlases, aiding data interoperability, discovery, and resource sharing. Learn about the International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) and its efforts to improve marine data accessibility.

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Enhancing Coastal Web Atlases with Ontologies and Standards

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  1. The ICAN CSW Mediator Yassine Lassoued y.lassoued@ucc.ie Omar Boucelma omar.boucelma@lsis.org Dawn Wright dawn@dusk.geo.orst.edu Luis Bermudez bermudez@sura.org

  2. Outline • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Ontologies Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  3. Introduction • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Demonstrate how ontologies and standards can be used to: • Help geographic information systems interoperate • Improve data discovery • Facilitate resources sharing JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  4. ICAN • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • International Coastal Atlas Network • Network of scientists, organisations and institutions with interest in the coastal and marine domain • Objective • Build and strengthen atlas networks • Develop an internationally-enabled coastal Web atlas (CWA) JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  5. ICAN • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • More than 30 members from more than 12 countries: • Coastal and Marine Resources Centre • Oregon State University • European Environmental Agency • Marine Metadata Interoperability • International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange • Marine Institute • Etc. JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  6. Problem • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Interoperability of distributed autonomous and heterogeneous coastal Web atlases (CWA) … JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  7. Problem • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Coastal Web Atlas (CWA): • Web application for the delivery of coastal resources such as: • Geographic datasets • Maps • Metadata • Thematic (educational) information JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  8. Problem • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Heterogeneity: • Syntactic (data formats, query languages) • Structural (data schemas) • Semantic (meaning of data values)  E.g.:  Metadata: • Different metadata standards (ISO vs. FGDC) • Different terms: ‘Seabed’ vs. ‘Seafloor’ ‘Coastline’ vs. ‘Shoreline’ JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  9. Terminology • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • OGC Web Service: • OGC specification • Interface allowing requests for geographic “resources” across the Web using platform-independent calls • Main OGC services: • Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) • Web Feature Service (WFS) • Web Coverage Service (WCS) • Web Map Service (WMS) JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  10. Terminology • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • OGC Web Service: • Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) • Allows requests for metadata across the Web • E.g. GeoNetwork is a CSW implementation JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  11. Terminology • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Ontologies: • A Knowledge Organisation System (KOS) • Define concepts (classes and objects) • Define relationships between concepts • Define inference rules • Examples: • John is a Person • Mary is a Person • Mary is mother of John • If (X is father of Y & Y is father of Z) then X is grand-father of Z JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  12. Same data structure Same semantics Query Response Mediator Same query language Same data model and format Wrapper Wrapper Wrapper Oracle DB Access DB Text Heterogeneous data sources Terminology • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Mediation: • A virtual data integration approach • Allows transparent access and integration of autonomousdistributedheterogeneous data sources JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  13. Global atlas Local atlases Idea • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Connect individual coastal atlases to an integrated global atlas … JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  14. Approach • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Centralised system  Resources are accessed through one central system (ICAN global atlas) • Virtual integration approach  Data are not copied into the global Atlas • Local atlases autonomy  Each data atlas is autonomous and organises resources in its own way and uses its own terminology (ontology) JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  15. Approach • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • To achieve interoperability: • Harmonisation: • Harmonise access interfaces and resource formats • Implement OGC Web Services • Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) • Web Feature Service (WFS) • Web Coverage Service (WCS) • Web Map Service (WMS) • Use ISO metadata standards • ISO-19115 & ISO-19139  Harmonise Web querying and delivery formats JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  16. Approach • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • To achieve interoperability: • Mediation: • Allow local atlases to use their own data structures, semantics and vocabularies (ontologies) • Use a common data structure and a common ontology for the global atlas • Provide mappings (translations) between local ontologies and the global ontology JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  17. Mediation Mediation Harmonisation Harmonisation Approach • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work Harmonisation vs. Mediation ICAN Mediation Mediation Harmonisation Harmonisation JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  18. Approach • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • We focus on Metadata interoperability “Seabed” “Seafloor” Atlas X ISO Metadata & MIDA terminology FGDC Metadata & OCA terminology X Standard & X terminology … JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  19. ICAN Ontology Inference Engine Mappings MIDA Ontology OCA Ontology X Ontology Architecture • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work Mapping Example: ICAN:Coastline is similar to OCA:Shoreline Virtual CSW CSW CSW CSW X … JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  20. Local and Global Ontologies • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • A global ontology represents the keywords used in the virtual ICAN catalogue service • For each atlas X, a local ontology represents the keywords used by the X catalogue service • Five types of keywords (ISO-19115): Theme, Discipline, Place, Temporal, Stratum JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  21. Local and Global Ontologies • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work Local Ontology (OCA) Global Ontology JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  22. Ontology Mappings • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  23. Ontology Mappings • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work MIDA Mappings OCA Mappings Each mappings file is an OWL ontology JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  24. Query Rewriting • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Rewrite user’s request into requests supported by local CSWs JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  25. Query Rewriting • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work http://ican.ucc.ie/srv/en/csw?request=GetRecords&service=CSW&version=2.0.1 &resultType=results&namespace=csw:http://www.opengis.net/cat/csw&maxRecords=1000 &elementSetName=summary &constraint= <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Filter xmlns=http://www.opengis.net/ogc xmlns:gml=http://www.opengis.net/gml xmlns:csw="http://www.opengis.net/cat/csw/2.0.2"> <And> <PropertyIsLike wildCard="%“ singleChar="_" escape="\"> <PropertyName>keyword</PropertyName> <Literal>HumanResponsesToCoastalChange%</Literal> </PropertyIsLike> <BBOX> <PropertyName>/csw:Record/ows:BoundingBox</PropertyName> <gml:Envelope srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326"> <gml:lowerCorner>-180 -90</gml:lowerCorner> <gml:upperCorner>180 90</gml:upperCorner> </gml:Envelope> </BBOX> </And> </Filter> &constraintLanguage=FILTER &constraint_language_version=1.1.0 JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  26. Query Rewriting • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work http://ican.ucc.ie/srv/en/csw?request=GetRecords&service=CSW&version=2.0.1 &resultType=results&namespace=csw:http://www.opengis.net/cat/csw&maxRecords=1000 &elementSetName=summary &constraint= <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Filter xmlns=http://www.opengis.net/ogc xmlns:gml=http://www.opengis.net/gml xmlns:csw="http://www.opengis.net/cat/csw/2.0.2"> <And> <PropertyIsLike wildCard="%“ singleChar="_" escape="\"> <PropertyName>keyword</PropertyName> <Literal>HumanResponsesToCoastalChange%</Literal> </PropertyIsLike> <BBOX> <PropertyName>/csw:Record/ows:BoundingBox</PropertyName> <gml:Envelope srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326"> <gml:lowerCorner>-180 -90</gml:lowerCorner> <gml:upperCorner>180 90</gml:upperCorner> </gml:Envelope> </BBOX> </And> </Filter> &constraintLanguage=FILTER &constraint_language_version=1.1.0 JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  27. Query Rewriting • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work Mediator uses inference engine to translate global terms into local terms MIDA Mappings OCA Mappings JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  28. Query Rewriting • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work <PropertyIsLike wildCard="%“ singleChar="_" escape="\"> <PropertyName>keyword</PropertyName> <Literal>HumanResponsesToCoastalChange%</Literal> </PropertyIsLike> Global MIDA <Or> <PropertyIsLike wildCard="%“ singleChar="_" escape="\"> <PropertyName>keyword</PropertyName> <Literal>CoastalProtection%</Literal> </PropertyIsLike> <PropertyIsLike wildCard="%“ singleChar="_" escape="\"> <PropertyName>keyword</PropertyName> <Literal>CoastalDefenceStructure%</Literal> </PropertyIsLike> </Or> JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  29. Demonstration • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work http://ican.ucc.ie JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  30. Conclusion • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Efficient solution for facilitating syntactic, structural and semantic interoperability • A system that can be integrated as a node within another mediated system • Ontologies and standards facilitate interoperability • This is a first step in atlases interoperability focusing only on metadata and catalogue services JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  31. Future Work • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work • Include Web Map Service (WMS) for data visualisation • Include Web Feature Service (WFS) & Web Coverage Service (WCS) for actual data delivery • Share resources (thematic information about layer) JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  32. ICAN Ontology Mappings MIDA Ontology OCA Ontology X Ontology Future Work • Outline • Introduction • ICAN • Problem • Terminology • Idea • Approach • Architecture • Ontologies • Mappings • Query Rewriting • Demonstration • Conclusion • Future Work Mapping Example: ICAN:Coastline is similar to OCA:Shoreline CSW WMS WFS CSW WMS WFS CSW WMS WFS X … JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  33. Thank You

  34. Terminology • OGC Web Service: • Web Feature Service (WFS)  Vector data • Allows requests for geographic features across the Web • E.g. GeoServer, Deegree are WFS implementations JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  35. Terminology • OGC Web Service: • Web Coverage Service (WCS)  Raster data • Allows requests for grid data across the Web • E.g. GeoServer, Deegree implement WCS JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  36. Terminology • OGC Web Service: • Web Map Service (WMS)  Maps • Allows requests for maps across the Web • E.g. UMN MapServer is a WMS JIGOT’08 – Marseille

  37. بزرگترین بانک پاورپوینت ایرانwww.txtzoom.comبانک هوشمند اسناد متنی JIGOT’08 – Marseille

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