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Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information Systems. Web GIS. What is a Web GIS?. Web GIS is an on-line version of geographic information system Using it, GIS data and functions are made available over the Internet It is also called Internet GIS, or Online GIS. Client-Server network.

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Geographic Information Systems

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  1. Geographic Information Systems Web GIS

  2. What is a Web GIS? • Web GIS is an on-line version of geographic information system • Using it, GIS data and functions are made available over the Internet • It is also called Internet GIS, or Online GIS

  3. Client-Server network • A client/server network involves a large number of client (individual user) computers connecting to a single, central server computer • Servers usually are high speed computers with robust hardware capacity to handle large volumes of client service requests

  4. Basics of Web-GIS Server(s) Clients Internet or Intranet Optional Separate data storage Data

  5. How does Web GIS work? • Users (clients) submit requests for maps, data, or analysis to a Web server • The server processes the requests and returns requested maps, data, or analysis to the clients

  6. Why Web GIS? • Avoid the complicated (and often expensive) GIS software installation in individual client computers • Users can access GIS database and GIS applications from anywhere through a common Web browser

  7. Three types of architectures • Thin client architecture • Medium client architecture • Thick client architecture

  8. Three types of architectures • Thin client architecture - users only need to display maps • Medium client architecture - users perform some data manipulation and analysis locally on their own computers, in addition to map display • Thick client architecture - users perform advanced analysis locally, in addition to map display, simple data manipulation and analysis

  9. Three types of architectures • Thin client • Medium client • Thick client

  10. Thin client architecture

  11. Thin client architecture .. • Client - Display - Requires a standard browser • Server - Map Render and Element Generator - Out of its databases and applications

  12. Thin client architecture .. • Protocol (primarily for data transfer) - e.g. raster data transfer • Uses - map display • Examples: - Google Maps

  13. Medium client architecture

  14. Medium client architecture ..

  15. Medium client architecture .. • Client - Display and Map Render - Requires a plug-in in the web browser • Server - Element Generator - Out of it’s applications and databases

  16. Medium client architecture .. • Protocol - encoded vector • Uses - map display, data query, and simple analysis (measure distance, draw a polygon) • Example: - Google Earth

  17. Thick client architecture

  18. Thick client architecture .. • Client - Display, Map Render, Element Generator - Requires plug-ins and stand alone tools • Server - - Allows for access to its applications and databases

  19. Thick client architecture .. • Protocol - raster, vector, etc. • Uses - display, data query, and advanced analysis (overlay, buffer) • Example: - ArcGIS for Server http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver

  20. Applications – Location-based Services (LBS) • Location-based services - an information service provided for a mobile device that requires the knowledge of where the device is located. • LBS include services to identify the location of a person, an object, or a place, such as the nearest ATM machine or the whereabouts of a friend • Web GIS is behind these applications

  21. LBS-capable device • Any device that includes a GPS capability, such as a GPS, smartphone, or a laptop • E-commerce, social networks, mobile networks • Web of things, web of people, web of events

  22. Required technologies • Key: determine the location of devices • LBS requires technologies to work together - Positioning technologies (GPS) - Terminal technologies (smartphone phone app) - Networking technologies - Database technologies (spatio-temporal DBs) - LBS software (services, base SW)

  23. Required technologies .. GIS to Provide and administer base map data such as man made structures (streets, buildings) and terrain (mountains, rivers) Manage point-of-interest data such as location of gas stations, restaurants, nightclubs, etc)

  24. LBS for Mobiles • Emergency Services • - E-911 • - Road-side service • - Directions • Location-Based Information - Push • - Reminders • - Traffic / weather alerts • Location-Based Information - Pull • - Concierge • - Shopping • - City guide

  25. LBS for mobiles .. • Navigation • - Directions prior to trip • - Enroute planning / recommendations • Tracking • - Workforce / Vehicle (fleet/stolen/lost) • - Family • Location-Enhanced Imaging • - Location info captured with video or sound • - Send images with maps • Location Sharing • - Friend-finder / landmarks

  26. Emergency services • Provide one of the strongest motivations for LBS • Problem: users of a cellphone is unable to report his/her current location to enable effective response • A solution: install GPS in the vehicle www.onstar.com

  27. Conclusion - Trends in GIS

  28. Potential of Web GIS • Internet users will be able to access GIS applications from their browsers without purchasing proprietary GIS software • WebGIS will make it possible to add GIS functionality to a wide range of network-based applications in business, government, and education institutions

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