DSM-5 Categories of Disorders

Trauma & Stressor-Based Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders DSM-5 Categories of Disorders Bipolar & Related Disorders Personality Disorders Depressive Disorders Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders Dissociatve Disorders

Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders • Soma means… • Body • Used to be called Somatoform Disorders… • But now DSM is biologically based. Somatoform disorders thus can’t exist because they don’t have a biological cause; therefore they are Somatic Symptom Disorders • 4 Types • Illness Anxiety Disorder • Conversion Disorder • Factitious Disorder (Munchausen’s) • Pseudocyesis

Somatic Symptom Disorders • Occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom.

Illness Anxiety Disorder • Has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause. • They usually believe that the minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indicative are more severe illnesses. • Formerly known as hypochondriasis

Conversion Disorder • Report the existence of severe physical limitations with no biological reason. • Paralysis, blindness, inability to swallow or talk Pol Pot

Others • Factitious Disorder (Munchausen’s) • A person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when, in fact, he or she has consciously created their symptoms. • Pseudocyesis (False Pregnancy) • the belief that you are expecting a baby when you are not really carrying a child. • Experience breast enlargement, milk production, weight gain, back pain, nausea, interruption of menstrual cycle, swollen belly, etc.

Dissociative Disorders • These disorders involve a disruption in the conscious process. • Two types….

Dissociative Identity Disorder • Used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder. • A person has at least two personalities. • People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma.

* Victoria Antoinette Scharleau (1926): nicknamed Vicky; a self-assured, sophisticated, attractive blonde; the memory trace of Sybil's selves. * Peggy Lou Baldwin (1926): an assertive, enthusiastic, and often angry pixie with a pug nose, a Dutch haircut, and a mischievous smile. * Peggy Ann Baldwin (1926): a counterpart of Peggy Lou with similar physical characteristics; she is more often fearful than angry. * Mary Lucinda Saunders Dorsett (1933): a thoughtful, contemplative, maternal, homeloving person; she is plump and has long dark-brown hair parted on the side. * Marcia Lynn Dorsett (1927): last name sometimes Baldwin; a writer and painter; extremely emotional; she has a shield-shaped face, gray eyes, and brown hair parted on the side. * Vanessa Gail Dorsett (1935): intensely dramatic and extremely attractive; a tall redhead with a willowy figure, light brown eyes, and an expressive oval face. * Mike Dorsett (1928): one of Sybil's two male selves; a builder and a carpenter, he has olive skin, dark hair, and brown eyes. * Sid Dorsett (1928): one of Sybil's two male selves; a carpenter and a general handyman; he has fair skin, dark hair, and blue eyes. * Nancy Lou Ann Baldwin (date undetermined): interested in politics as fulfillment of biblical prophecy and intensely afraid of Roman Catholics; fey; her physical characteristics resemble those of the Peggys. * Sybil Ann Dorsett (1928): listless to the point of neurasthenia; pale and timid with ash-blonde hair, an oval face, and a straight nose. * Ruthie Dorsett (date undetermined): a baby; one of the lesser developed selves. * Clara Dorsett (date undetermined): intensely religious; highly critical of the waking Sybil. * Helen Dorsett (1929): intensely afraid but determined to achieve fulfillment; she has light brown hair, hazel eyes, a straight nose, and thin lips. * Marjorie Dorsett (1928): serene, vivacious, and quick to laugh; a tease; a small, willowy brunette with fair skin and a pug nose. * The Blonde (1946): nameless; a perpetual teenager; has blonde curly hair and a lilting voice.

Dissociative Amnesia • A person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disruption in memory. • Retrograde Amnesia • NOT organic amnesia. • Sometimes can have fugue

Cluster A (Odd-Eccentric Cluster) • Paranoid Personality Disorder • Schizoid Personality Disorder • Schitzotypal Personality Disorder Personality Disorders • Cluster B (Dramatic-Impulsive Cluster) • Antisocial Personality Disorder • Borderline Personality Disorder • Histrionic Personality Disorder • Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Cluster C (Anxious-Fearful Cluster) • Avoidant Personality Disorder • Dependent Personality Disorder • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Personality Disorders Defined • Maladaptive personality styles • Developed early in life and are very resistant to change. • Generally people with personality disorders do not think they have a problem but often create problems for others!

Cluster A - remain aloof, distrustful and shield themselves from the anxieties of interpersonal intimacy. • Paranoid Personality Disorder • Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent • Schizoid Personality Disorder • Pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts • Schizotypal Personality Disorder • Pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior

Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional, or erratic • Antisocial Personality Disorder • Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others • Borderline Personality Disorder • Pervasion pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, self-harm, and marked impulsivity & intense mood swings. • Histrionic Personality Disorder • Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, self-esteem is based on the approval of others; dramatic; can overlap with narcissistic personality disorder. • Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy; inability to understand the feelings of others

Cluster C - efforts to control anxiety about social rejection. • Avoidant Personality Disorder • Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation • Dependent Personality Disorder • Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder • Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

DSM-5 Categories of Disorders