LGC Shadow Title Master.pot

1. LGC Shadow Title Master.pot Presented by: Bill Byron Protect Yourself

2. Goals • Review two major blood borne pathogens • Hepatitis • B (HBV) • C (HCV) • A (HAV) • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Define Standard (Universal) Precautions • Personal Protective Equipment • Discuss Emergency Steps to Communicable Disease Exposure • Provide answers to the common questions asked regarding blood borne pathogens

3. Bloodborne pathogens • Microorganisms present in blood which can cause disease in humans • Hepatitis A/B/C • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Source: U.S. CDC

4. How Diseases are Transmitted • DIRECT CONTACT • INDIRECT CONTACT/FOMITES • BLOOD AND BLOODY BODY FLUIDS • VECTORS • DROPLET INFECTIONS • AIRBORNE INFECTIONS Source: U.S. CDC

5. Blood borne Pathogensmodes of transmission… • Unbroken skin forms a protective barrier against blood borne pathogens. However, infected blood can enter your system through: • Open sores • Cuts • Abrasions • Acne • Bloodborne pathogens may also be transmitted through the mucous membranes of the: • Eyes • Nose • Mouth For example, a splash of contaminated blood to your eyes, nose, or mouth could result in transmission. “lemon test”

6. Blood borne Pathogensbody fluids… • Blood borne pathogens such as HBV and HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other potentially infectious fluids such as: • Peritioneal fluid • Amniotic fluid • Saliva • Vomit • Feces • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluid • Synovial fluid • Pleural fluid

7. if it’s wet……it’s infectious!!! Practice Universal Precautions Rule of thumb

8. Hepatitis B (HBV) • “Hepatitis” means “inflammation of the liver,” and, as its name implies, Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. • There is no “cure” or specific treatment for HBV, but many who contract the disease will develop antibodies which help them get over the infection and protect them from getting it again • Vaccine available • Hepatitis B virus is very durable, and it can survive in dried blood for at least one week. For this reason, this virus is the primary concern for employees such as: • Housekeeping • Custodial • Laundry personnel Source: U.S. CDC

9. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) • A viral infection of the liver • Spread by contact with blood of infected person • Once contracted, over 70% chronic • Can’t be identified from other forms without testing • No preventive vaccine available yet

10. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) • The “restaurant” kind of hepatitis • Acquired primarily through the fecal-oral route – not a blood borne pathogen • Causes an infection of the liver • Heating foods above 180º F for 1 minute will kill the virus • Good hygiene prevent virus transmission • Vaccine available (wash those hands!!!) Source: U.S. CDC

11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

12. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV causes Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) • Once a person has been infected with HIV, it may be many years before AIDS actually develops. • HIV attacks the body’s immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. • AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure. • Fortunately, it is a very weak virus that cannot live outside the body

13. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Are most commonly transmitted through: • Sexual Contact • Sharing of hypodermic needles • From mothers to their babies at birth • Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected body fluids • Contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids • Accidental puncture from contaminated needles, broken glass, or other sharps

14. Treat all blood and bodily like they are contaminated This means treat everyone the same! Always ensure proper cleanup and decontamination Universal Precautions Source: U.S. OSHA

15. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • To protect yourself, have a liquid proof barrier between • you and the potentially infectious material. • Rules to follow: • ALWAYS WEAR LIQUID-PROOF GLOVES • (regardless of the extent of the emergency or task) • Always wear personal protective equipment in • exposure risk situations such as: • Rendering First Aid • Cleaning up vomit, blood or bodily fluids • Administering medications • Drawing blood • Collecting linens and trash • Remove PPE that is torn, punctured, or outdated • Remove and dispose PPE before leaving the work area.

16. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Gloves should be made of latex, nitrile, rubber, or other water resistant materials. • Always check your gloves for damage before using them. • Goggles should be worn anytime there is a risk of splashing contaminated fluids. • Face Shields may be worn in addition to goggles to provide additional face protection. • Aprons may be worn to protect clothing and to keep blood or other contaminated fluids from soaking through the skin.

17. Hygiene Practices – hand washing • One of the most important (and easiest) ways to prevent the spread of blood borne pathogens, and the flu, and MRSA, and… • Hands or other exposed skin should be thoroughly washed as soon as possible following an exposure incident • Use soft, antibacterial soap, if possible • Avoid harsh, abrasive soaps, as these may open fragile scabs or other sores. (wash those hands!!!)

18. Hygiene Practices • If you are working in a situation where there is reasonable likelihood of body fluid exposure, you should never: • Eat • Drink • Smoke • Apply cosmetics or lip balm • Handle contact lenses Source: U.S. OSHA

19. Decontaminationhow would you handle an exposure in your community? • Wear protective gloves • Disinfectant/cleaner provided in bodily fluid disposal kit • A solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) diluted between 1:10 and 1:100 with water • General recommendation: 1/4 cup bleach per gallon of water (USE A FRESH MIXTURE) • Properly dispose of contaminated PPE, towels, rags

20. Emergency Steps to Exposurehow would you handle an exposure in your community? • Immediately initiate first aid at the work site. • Contaminated skin should be washed (not scrubbed) for 10 minutes using large amounts of soap and water. • If available, a povidone iodine solution, such as betadine can also be used • Contaminated eyes and mucous membranes should be irrigated for 15 minutes using normal saline or water. • Notify your supervisor, if he or she is immediately available. Otherwise, go on to step three. • Call your local emergency room for further guidance Source: U.S. OSHA

21. Disposal of Waste • In general, regulated wastes, other than contaminated sharps, must be placed in containers which are: • Closable • Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage of fluids during handling, storage, transport or shipping • Labeled or color-coded in accordance with OSHA regulations • Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling, storage, transport, or shipping

22. How can I learn more? • Ask your doctor or nurse • Visit the CDC website at www.cdc.gov • Visit the NH DHHS website at www.dhhs.state.nh.us • Visit the OSHA website at www.osha.gov

23. Questions?

24. Quiz 1. Name two of the most common bloodborne pathogens: ____________________________________________ 2. After exposure to potentially infected bodily fluids, you should immediately: ___________________________ 3. HIV and HBV can be transmitted when infected bodily fluids directly contact the eyes or non-intact skin. True or False • Treating all body fluids as infected is known as __________________________________ Precautions.

25. Quiz (cont.) 5. HIV stays alive in dried blood. True or False 6. Name one way you might be exposed to human blood at your workplace: ____________________________ 7. What minimum PPE should be worn when controlling normal bleeding? _____________________________ 8. Besides the disinfectant/cleaner provided in first aid kits, what other solutions can be used to decontaminate equipment or surfaces? 9. How do you dispose of absorbed bodily fluids?

26. Quiz Answers 1. HIV and Hepatitis B (HBV). 2. You should immediately wash any exposed areas. 3. True. Infected bodily fluids need to directly contact mucous membranes or non-intact skin. 4. 5. Treating all bodily fluids as infected is known as Universal Precautions.

27. Quiz Answers (cont.) 5. False. HIV dies almost immediately. HBV can live as long as one week. 6. Administering first aid, decontaminating equipment, doing janitorial work, etc. 7. Gloves must be worn, at a minimum, when controlling normal bleeding. When controlling spurting blood, additional PPE must be worn including: a face shield, an apron, shoe covers, etc. 8. A solution of bleach and water. 9. Absorbed bodily fluids from a general industry facility can usually be double bagged and discarded with the normal garbage.