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Understanding Metrics & SI Units: Math & Concepts

Dive into the world of metrics, SI units, and mathematical concepts. Learn about the Metric System, International System of Units, derived units, temperature scales, energy measurements, accuracy, precision, and more. Practice problems included!

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Understanding Metrics & SI Units: Math & Concepts

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  1. Chapter 2 Sig figs and math Be sure to write all notes from class and problems -

  2. Metric SystemKing Henry Died –drinking choc milk • Kilo-k— 1000x • Hecta-h- 100x • Deka- da- 10X • Deci-d- 1/10 • Centi – c- 1/100 • Milli- m - 1/1000 • Micro- u - 1/1000000

  3. International System of Units • SI is the abbreviation • Based on standards that never change

  4. Length Uses the meter Symbol m Based on the distance that light travels in a vacuum during a timed interval *2.54 cm = inch 1.6 km = mile

  5. Mass • Uses kilogram (we will use grams) • Symbol kg • Based on a Pt-Ir cylinder • 2.2 lb = kg • mass=amount of matter • Weight- gravitation pull on an object

  6. Time • Uses second • Abbreviation s ( or sec) • Based on the radiation emitted by a Cs-133 sample • 60 s = min 60 min= hour

  7. Derived units • A combination of base units • Density= mass / volume • Volume = length x width x height • cm3 = mL • Water only density is equal to 1.00 g/mL

  8. Bouyant- float- density is less than 1.0g/ml • Sink- density is greater than 1.0g/mL • Meniscus- curve of the liquid– read the bottom for water

  9. Temperature and Heat • Heat is the total Kinetic energy and is dependent upon mass- Measured in Joules • Temperature is the average Kinetic energy- uses a temperature scale

  10. Temperature • Measure in celcius • Kelvin- based on absolute zero (particles are motionless) • Convert to Kelvin C + 273 = kelvin K- 273 = C

  11. Energy • Energy is measured in Joules • 4.184 Joules = calorie • 1000 calories = 1 Calorie • Calorie is the unit used in food descriptions

  12. Specific Heat • Specific Heat is the heat needed to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 degree C • Formula: • C- Specific Heat Capacity m- mass t – change in temperature

  13. Accuracy and Precision • Precision- value repeats • Accuracy- closeness to accepted value • Percent error= Exp- theoreticalx 100 • Theoretical

  14. Accuracy and PrecisionProblems • The product had a mass of .125g. The known value was .130g. What is the %error? (must write formula)

  15. Significant Figures sig figs • All certain digits and 1 estimated • (Under the files on my website are some rules if needed)

  16. Conversion factors are NOT considered when determining the number of sig figs

  17. Multiply or Divide • The answer should contain the lowest number of sig figs in the problem

  18. Add or Sub • The final digit is in the same place as the left most sig fig

  19. Scientific notation • We reviewed this in class- come by if you need help

  20. Factor Label • Conversion factors are used to change from one unit to another. • Ex- dozen=12 • foot=12 inches • 2 pints = quart • 2.54 cm = inch • 2.2 pounds=kilogram • 1.6 Km = mile • 5280ft=mile

  21. mole • Mole is a counting unit used in chemistry • Mole = 6.02 x 1023 atoms, particles A mole allows for comparisons to be made between elements or compounds.

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