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The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20

The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20 . Nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism. What is an “isms”?. Conscious espousal of a doctrine – in opposition with other doctrines

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The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20

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  1. The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20 Nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism

  2. What is an “isms”? • Conscious espousal of a doctrine – in opposition with other doctrines • Conservatism / Radicalism / Liberalism / Nationalism / Socialism / Communism / Individualism / Constitutionalism / Feminism / Humanitarianism / Monarchism / Utilitarianism

  3. Definition: State • a: a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory; especially: one that is sovereign • b: the political organization of such a body of people Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/state

  4. Definition: Nation • b: a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government • c: a territorial division containing a body of people of one or more nationalities and usually characterized by relatively large size and independent status Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation?show=0&t=1327677480

  5. Definition: Nation State • a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state; especially: a state containing one as opposed to several nationalities • First known usage 1918 Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation-state

  6. Nationalism • Evolves from real (or imagined) cultural unity • Try to turn cultural unity into political reality • Territories of each people could create new states/countries • Common languages, traditions = unity • This could create common loyalty and self-government

  7. Four determining factors of Nationhood (RCQ 7.1 #3) • ethnic groups large enough to support a viable economy • ethnic groups possessed a significant cultural history • ethnic groups possess a cultural elite who could spread the language • ethnic groups had a military capable of conquering others and protecting themselves

  8. Proponents of Nationalism • Herder’s Volksgeist: national spirit • But necessarily includes comparison: generates ideas of racial/cultural superiority --- we vs. they • Nationalistic Groups • Italy • Carbonari in Italy vs. Napoleon & Congress System • Pro Italian Republic • Joseph Mazzini, 1805-1872: Duties of Man • “Oh my Brother! Love your Country! Our Country is our home!” • Banished 1830 – established secret society: Young Italy – pro unification

  9. Proponents of Nationalism • Nationalistic groups • German States • Burschenschaften & Frankfurt Assemblyin German States • Young Germany group modeled after Young Italy • Slavophiles in Austrian Empire • Russification in Russia under Tsar Nicholas

  10. Classical Liberalism – see RCQs for more specifics • Pro laissez faire economy – Great Britain! • Good: fostered Industrial Revolution • Bad: fostered exploitation of workers • Liberty and Equality • Equality before the law • Freedom of speech, press, assembly, peaceful opposition • Religious toleration / separation of Church & State • Limited male suffrage NOT democracy • Confidence in human capacity to self-govern (kind of) • Ministerial Responsibility • Nationalist: each people est. its own govt. • Benjamin Constant, pg.621 • John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1867

  11. Reflection Questions for John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty • According to Mill, when can one person/government control/exercise their will over another person? • What is social tyranny? • What is human liberty? • Whose political/social ideas does Mill stand in direct opposition to in this text?

  12. Relationship btw. Nationalism and Liberalism

  13. Write it Down! • Is liberalism more or less radical for our 21st sensibilities? Defend your opinion. • Describe the role of nationalism (19th century definition) in 21st century US politics.

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