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Gases, Pressure, Boyle's Law & Bernoulli's Principle: A Comprehensive Overview

This article provides a detailed explanation of gases, pressure, Boyle's Law, and Bernoulli's Principle. It covers topics such as independent molecular motion, Archimedes' Principle for air, and the reasoning behind Boyle's Law and Bernoulli's Principle. With exercises and problems included, this resource aims to enhance understanding of these fundamental concepts.

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Gases, Pressure, Boyle's Law & Bernoulli's Principle: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. 14 • gases, pressure, Boyle’s Law & Bernoulli’s Principle • RQ: 4, 13, 15, 17, 20. • Exercises: 7, 56. • Problems: 1, 2.

  2. Gases • independent molecular motion • expand • “fluid” • exert “isotropic” pressure

  3. Archimedes’ Principle for Air • Air provides a small buoyancy, noticeable when object has very low density • Examples: helium or hot-air balloon.

  4. Boyle’s Law • for a confined gas, (pressure)x(volume) = constant, i.e., PV = constant. • Ex. A balloon squeezed to half its original size has ... • Reasoning: in a smaller container, the molecules will hit the walls _____________ exerting ____________ on them.

  5. Bernoulli’s Principle • When the speed of a fluid* _______ internal pressure in the fluid* ________ *or gas

  6. Why does speed decrease pressure? • before the air blows, air molecules exert isotropic pressure, moving in all directions. • air-flow _________________________ giving a preferred direction for air molecules at top of tube. The air molecules below are able to move up….

  7. Examples: Roof, Ball

  8. Bernoulli’s Principle: Curve Ball

  9. Bernoulli’s Principle: Currents

  10. summary • gases exert isotropic pressure, but loose this effect when flowing (Bernoulli). • gases exert a small buoyant force on all objects • confined gases have constant product of pressure and volume

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