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Gas Laws

Gas Laws. Chapter 11 – Section 3 – Physical Characteristics of Gases. Boyle’s Law. Named after Robert Boyle As pressure increases, volume decreases As pressure decreases, volume increases P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 Only holds true if temperature remains constant

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Gas Laws

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  1. Gas Laws Chapter 11 – Section 3 – Physical Characteristics of Gases

  2. Boyle’s Law • Named after Robert Boyle • As pressure increases, volume decreases • As pressure decreases, volume increases • P1V1=P2V2 • Only holds true if temperature remains constant • Pressures have to be measured in the same units • Volumes have to be measured in the same units

  3. Practice Problem • A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 500 mL at a pressure of 1 atm. The balloon is released and reaches an altitude of 6.5 km, where the pressure is 0.5 atm. Assuming that the temperature has remained the same, what volume does the gas occupy at this height? • P1V1=P2V2

  4. Your turn! • A gas has a pressure of 1.26 atm and occupies a volume of 7.40 L. If the gas is compressed to a volume of 2.93 L, what will its pressure be, assuming constant temperature?

  5. Charles’s Law • Named after Jacques Charles • As temperature increases, volume increases • As temperature decreases, volume decreases • V1= V2 T1 T2 • Only holds true if pressure remains constant. • Volumes must be in the same unit. • Temperature must be measured in Kelvin.

  6. A practice problem • A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 2.75 L at 20⁰C. The volume of the balloon decreases to 2.46 L after it is placed outside on a cold day. What is the outside temperature?

  7. Your turn! • A gas at 65⁰C occupies 4.22 L. At what Celsius temperature will the volume be 3.87 L, assuming the same pressure?

  8. Gay-Lussac’s Law • Named after Joseph Gay-Lussac • As temperature increases, pressure increases • As temperature decreases, pressure decreases • P1= P2 T1 T2 • Only holds true if volume remains constant • Pressures must be measured in the same units • Temperatures must be in Kelvin

  9. A practice problem • Before a trip to New York to Boston, the pressure in an automobile tire is 1.8 atm at 20.0C. At the end of the trip, the pressure gauge reads 1.9 atm. What is the new Celsius temperature of the air inside the tire? (Assume tires with constant volume.)

  10. Your turn! • At 120.0C, the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 2050C, assuming constant volume?

  11. Homework • Pg 328 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29 • Remember standard temperature is 00C and standard pressure is 1 atm • Due tomorrow at the beginning of class.

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