Understanding Conjunctions: Types and Usage

1. الَسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكاَتُهُ

2. Hanifah • IkhlasFathurahman Group 8Preposition and Conjunction

3. Conjunction Conjunctions are word used to link, or connect between two or more word, clause, and phrase. Different kind of conjunction join different kind of grammatical structures.

4. The kinds of conjunctions are: A. Coordinating Conjunctions B. Correlative Conjunctions C. Conjunctive Adverbs D. Subordinating Conjunction

5. A. Coordinating Conjunctions The coordinating conjunctions are: • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So

6. FANBOYS The function for each coordinating conjunctions are: • For, presents a reason. • And, presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s). • Nor, presents non-contrasting negative idea. • But, presents a contrast or exception. • Or, presents an alternative item or idea. • Yet, presents a contrast or exception. • So, presents a consequence.

7. Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another in form of word to word, phrase to phrase, or clause to clause.

8. Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.

9. Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions. When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.

10. A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements. Acoordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction Back

11. B. Correlative Conjunctions The kind of correlative conjunctions : • 1) either...or • 2) not only...but also • 3) neither...nor (or increasingly neither...or) • 4) both...and • 5) whether...or • 6) just as...so • 7) as…as

12. The examples: • You either do your work or prepare for a trip to the office. • Not only is he handsome, but he is also brilliant. • Neither the basketball team nor the football team is doing well. • Both the cross country team and the swimming team are doing well. • Whether you stay or go is your decision. • Just as many Americans love football, so many Canadians love ice hockey. • This one is as good as the others.

13. These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one Back

14. C. Conjunctive Adverbs These conjunctions join independent clauses together. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs:

15. The conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, as a result, therefore, nevertheless, etc.are used to create complex relationships between ideas. Back

16. These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions D. Subordinating Conjunctions

17. Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

18. The characteristics of subordinating conjunctions : • A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence. • A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a coordinating conjunctions does. Loose  It is raining, so we have an umbrella. Tight  because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

19. When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses.When the independent clause is placed first and the dependent clause second, do not separate the two clauses with a comma. Preposition Back