CHAPTER 20

1. CHAPTER 20 Developing a 21st Century Organization

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES 20.1List and describe the four 21st century trends that businesses are focusing on and rank them in order of business importance 20.2Explain how the integration of business and technology is shaping 21st century organizations

3. DEVELOPING ORGANIZATIONS • 21ST century organizations must: • Recognize the immense power of technology • Carry out required organizational changes • Learn to operate in an entirely different way

4. DEVELOPING ORGANIZATIONS • Industries that have changed due to technology • Travel • Entertainment • Electronics • Financial services • Retail • Automobiles • Education and training

5. 21ST CENTURY ORGANIZATIONAL TRENDS • 21st century business trends include: • Uncertainty in terms of future business scenarios and economic outlooks • Emphasis on strategic analysis for cost reduction and productivity enhancements • Focus on improved business resiliency via the applications of enhanced security

6. 21ST CENTURY ORGANIZATIONAL TRENDS • Four technology areas where organizations are focusing: • IT infrastructures • Security • E-business • Integrations

7. Increased Focus on IT Infrastructures • IT infrastructure – the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provide the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals

8. Increased Focus on Security • Physical security integration and best security practices

9. Increased Focus on E-Business • New e-business trends include: • Mobile commerce – the ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless Internet-enabled device • Telematics – blending computers and wireless telecommunications technologies with the goal of efficiently conveying information over vast networks to improve business operations • Electronic tagging – a technique for identifying and tracking assets and individuals • Radio frequency identification (RFID) – chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers

10. Increased Focus on Integration • The integration of business and technology

11. Increased Focus on Integration • Overall, core business relationships and models are changing • Product-centricity to customer-centricity • Mass production to mass customization • The value in material things to the value of knowledge and intelligence

12. Increased Focus on Integration • A new series of business success factors and challenges are emerging • Organization agility • Focus on core competencies and processes • Redefinition of the value chain • Instantaneous business response • Ability to scale resources and infrastructure across geographic boundaries

13. Increased Focus on Integration • Never before have IT investments played such a critical role in business success • As business strategies continue to evolve, the distinction between “the business” and “IT” will virtually disappear

14. CHAPTER TWENTYOpening Case Study Questions • Why is it critical that the government develops its IT infrastructure using a 21st century strategy? • How would the government define security when developing its 21st century strategy? • How would the government define its ebusiness infrastructure when developing its 21st century strategy? • Why is it important that the government control all integrations into its systems?

15. CHAPTER TWENTY CASECreating a Clearer Picture for PBS • Andre Mendes, Chief Technology Integration Officer (CTIO) for PBS, oversees the company’s technology organization, a 50-person group • PBS IT projects are getting bigger and bigger, with more and more collaboration, with a more global picture • The broadcast environment is becoming an IT environment as the company uncovers new ways to improve quality of service and increase opportunities for innovation through new digitized formats

16. CHAPTER TWENTY CASE QUESTIONS • Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on IT infrastructure when determining its 21st century business strategy • Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on security when determining its 21st century business strategy • Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on e-business when determining its 21st century business strategy • Assess the impact to PBS’s business if it failed to focus on integrations when determining its 21st century business strategy

17. BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY UNIT FIVE CLOSING

18. UNIT CLOSING CASE ONETwitter • Why do 21st century organizations need to understand the power of microblogging? • How can a global organization use Twitter to improve operations? • How could a project manager use Twitter to help track project progress?

19. UNIT CLOSING CASE ONETwitter • How could a global systems development effort use Twitter to improve the development process? • What types of strategic information systems could use Twitter to improve the system? Which development methodology would you recommend the company use when integrating Twitter into its current systems? • What types of ethical and security issues should a company using Twitter anticipate?

20. UNIT CLOSING CASE TWOWomen in Technology • Which of the above companies has the most disruptive technology that is capable of making the greatest impact on business? • Choose one of the above companies and create a Porter’s Five Forces analysis to highlight potential issues the company might face in the 21st century

21. UNIT CLOSING CASE TWOWomen in Technology • Why is building agile software important to all companies? • What types of information security issues should the companies be aware of as they enter the 21st century? • What types of ethical dilemmas should the companies be aware of as they enter the 21st century?