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Defining Creativity

Defining Creativity. Class 1 January 10, 2005. Creativity. Consumer Creativity. And of course, the embattled Martha….

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Defining Creativity

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  1. Defining Creativity Class 1 January 10, 2005

  2. Creativity

  3. Consumer Creativity

  4. And of course, the embattled Martha… BEEHIVE CAKE MOLD    $16.00 - $65.00     It's hard to find 3-dimensional cake molds, particularly in such an unusual shape. This 2-part mold, reproduced in cast aluminum from an antique, turns out an impressive cake that belies how easy it is to make. The mold comes with our recipes and instructions for a cake and glaze made with—what else?—honey. Use almond paste and our complete gel set to help you do it. For a finishing touch, fashion a few marzipan bees with almond-slice wings to buzz around your creation. Exclusive. Serves 16. (8''H; 8'' diam.) Marzipan BeesBeautifully crafted and irresistibly sweet, these marzipan candies are handmade at the workshops of Wendy Kromer Confections. Each bee is created from black and yellow marzipan and set to take flight on sliced almond wings. No two are exactly alike. Store the candies in a cool, dry place. Set of 5. Exclusive.         Beehive Cake MoldKCM 006$65.00 Marzipan BeesKSS 021$16.00

  5. Creativity Defined • The ability to produce work that is BOTH • Novel (i.e., original, unexpected, innovative) • Appropriate (i.e., useful, practical, effective) • (Sternberg 1999; Finke, Ward, & Smith 1992) • The novel/original dimension is the more respected of the two • (Barron 1995; Runco & Sakamoto 1999)

  6. No Situation Effects Some Situation Effects Strong Situation Effects Creativity:An individual trait or situation-driven? • Both • Individual Trait: • Scientific Creativity (Engineer, Chemist) • Artistic Creativity (Painter, Composer) • Combo (Inventor) -- rare • Situation-Driven: • No creative ability • Low creative ability • Some creative ability

  7. Factors Influencing Creativity Under Managerial Control: • Time • Instructions / Managerial Input • Size and Composition of groups Partially Under Managerial Control: • Motivation: • Extrinsic • Knowledge Not Under Direct Managerial Control: • Motivation • Intrinsic • Intelligence • Personality • Individual Differences: Need for Cognition, Dogmatism, Divergent Thinking Ability

  8. Creativity • Problem Solving • Insight • Remote Associates Test (Mednick 1962) • Rat, Blue, Cottage • Nine Dot Problem • Connect all of the dots using no more than 4 straight lines, never going to a given dot twice, and never lifting the pen

  9. Creativity • Problem Solving • Insight • Problem Finding • Requires Problem Definition • Requires an allocation of cognitive capital (Sternberg & Lubart 1991) to “think about what you’re going to think about” (Nickerson 2000) • More associated with creativity (Csikszentmihalyi & Getzels 1971; 1975)

  10. Approaches to Studying Creativity • Case Studies / Historiometric • Developmental • Biological • Psychometric • Experimental • Social-Personality • (e.g. motivation, risk-taking, intelligence) • Cognitive • (e.g., processing strategies, imagery)

  11. The Creative Cognition Approach • Creative accomplishments, whether mundane or extraordinary, are based on ordinary mental processes • Thus, our understanding of human cognition can be directly applied to understanding creative thought as well

  12. The Creative Cognition Approach • The Geneplore Model • Generative Processes • Pre-Inventive Structures (Finke, Ward, and Smith 1992) • Mental transformation / assimilation to create a structure • For example, arrange an 8, a V, and a circle to make a figure or structure • Exploratory Processes

  13. Creative Cognition • Path of Least Resistance (“POLR”) (Perkins 1997; Ward 1994) • Top-Down Process • Recall an existing solution to an active problem • Implement a well-known plan to solve it

  14. Constraints and the POLR • Constraints • Input Restrictions • In-Stock (Acquisition Costs) • Monetary (Budgetary Constraints)

  15. Input Constraints and the POLR

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