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Ribonucleic Acid

Ribonucleic Acid. Proteins. Protein synthesis. Transcription. translation . During transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and adds in the complementary nucleotides to make a single stranded piece of mRNA. Ligase helps the DNA strand close and the mRNA moves out of the nucleus.

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Ribonucleic Acid

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  1. Ribonucleic Acid Proteins Protein synthesis Transcription translation During transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and adds in the complementary nucleotides to make a single stranded piece of mRNA. Ligase helps the DNA strand close and the mRNA moves out of the nucleus. During translation, a ribosome attaches to the mRNA at the start codon (AUG). The codons on the mRNA match with the complementary anti-codons on tRNA molecules, which carry the amino acids. The amino acids at strung together forming a polypeptide. Insulin is a hormone that carries a signal from cell-to-cell, telling the body to absorb glucose out of the blood.

  2. To maintain the integrity of the DNA, and so that multiple proteins can be made at once (from multiple mRNA molecules). mRNA ribose uracil 3 Unwinds the DNA double helix and adds in complementary RNA nucleotides. uracil

  3. 3 nucleotides in a row on a strand of mRNA that code for an amino acid Only mRNA The structure and function of a protein is determined by the order of the amino acids and their chemical properties. The genetic code is the set of “rules” or code that allows us to transfer a DNA sequence into a protein.

  4. 64 20 amino acid The same base pair rules and codon table can be used to transcribe and translate proteins for all living organisms. out of the nucleus (cytoplasm) 3 Ribosome (made of rRNA) rRNA stands for ribosomal RNA. This RNA makes up the ribosome and is the place where mRNA is translated into a protein. tRNA stands for transfer RNA. This RNA has an anti-codon on one end and the amino acid on the other. tRNA matches its anti-codon with the codon on the mRNA during translation, “dropping off” the correct amino acid at the ribosome.

  5. A 3-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to the codon. The anti-codon “tells” the tRNA where to take its amino acid, just like an address “tells” the mailman where to take the envelope. A stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) 4 6 3 5 2

  6. Endomembrane system

  7. Ribosomes made by the rough ER are either excreted out of the cell, imbedded into the cell membrane, or left inside a vesicle to become a lysosome. nucleolus Nucleus/nuclear membrane Bound ribosome Rough ER Smooth ER Vesicle Golgi complex Lysosome Cell membrane

  8. A U G GGGC U A C G A U U A G U C C U G A G G Met - Gly - Leu – Arg – Leu – Val – Leu – Arg AAA, AAG

  9. Products Substrate Active site Enzyme

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