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Learn about milk, butter, cheese, and eggs: types, storage, and preparation methods. Find out everything you need to know about essential breakfast ingredients.
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Breakfast Foods and Sandwiches Chapter 1
Milk terms to know… Pasteurized Heated to destroy harmful bacteria Homogenized Treated so that milk fat appears uniformly throughout the product
Types of Milk • Whole (4% Fat) • Low Fat (1-2% Fat) • Skim (0% Fat) • Buttermilk • Evaporated • Condensed • UHT • Powdered • Lactose-Free • Soy • Rice • Almond
Dairy Storage Refrigerated 41 or lower Tightly sealed container Dairy products tend to absorb other flavors quickly and easily
All About Butter & Margarine Butter is made by mixing cream at a high speed Salted or unsalted Clarified = heated to remove milk solids and water – less likely to burn Margarine is a manufactured food product that contains no milk products. Made with various vegetable and animal fats, flavoring, colors, preservatives, etc… Generally has transfats or trans fatty acids.
Categories of Cheese Unripened Cheese: Soft and White, Examples: cottage, ricotta, cream, mozzarella, feta Semi-ripened Cheese: Rinds are powdery white or golden orange, creamy in texture Examples: Brie, Camembert Semisoft: Mild with buttery flavor, smooth, sliceable Examples: Gouda, Munster Blue-veined: Mold is injected or sprayed into cheese, strong flavor Examples: Blue, Gorgonzola, Roquefort Firm: Aged, firm texture, mild to sharp flavor Examples: Cheddar, Gruyere Very Hard: Ripened with bacteria & enzymes, slow process, at least 2 years. Hard and dry texture Examples: Asiago, Parmigiano, Pecorino Romano
The Versatile Egg • Magic Ingredient!! • Outer shell, white (albumen), yolk, chalazae • White: Protein and water • Yolk: Protein, fat and thickener • Chalazae – membranes that hold the yolk in place • Grades AA, A, B • Colored eggs?? • Jumbo, XL, L, M, S, Peewee • Most recipes based on Large eggs
Ways to Prepare an Egg Hard Cooked: boiled in shell until yolk is firm Baked: with other ingredients Shirred: cooked in butter in a ramekin Poached: out of shell, simmered in water Scrambled: gentle heat, constantly stirred Fried: sunny side up, over easy Rolled Omelet: filled like a burrito Flat Omelet: finish in oven, Frittata Souffleed Omelet: Whip whites, finish in oven Quiche: egg custard baked in a crust Soufflés: base, egg whites, flavorings, correct timing
Hot Breakfast Beverages • Coffee – US Medium Roast • Don’t hold over 1 hour • Tea • Black: fermented leaves • Green: not fermented • Oolong: partially fermented • Herbal: tisane – no actual tea • Hot Cocoa
Sandwich Ingredients Bread: basic ingredient, edible container Spread: prevent bread from soaking up the filling, add flavor and add moisture. Filling: Beef, Pork, Cheese, Salad, Poultry, Vegetables, Fish, Onions, Peanut butter, Pickles, etc…