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THE PRESIDENTS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

From New York Cowboy Rough Rider during Spanish American War NY State Assemblyman Police Commissioner of NYC Governor of NY VP for McKinley. THE PRESIDENTS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909. William Howard Taft (1909 – 1913).

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THE PRESIDENTS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

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  1. From New York Cowboy Rough Rider during Spanish American War NY State Assemblyman Police Commissioner of NYC Governor of NY VP for McKinley THE PRESIDENTS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

  2. William Howard Taft(1909 – 1913) • Never held elected office until he was President • Served as a Judge • Was Governor of the Philippines during US occupation (appointed) • Later served as Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court

  3. Woodrow Wilson(1913 – 1921) • From Virginia • History Professor • President of Princeton University • Governor of New Jersey

  4. Eugene V. Debs (1855-1926) • Born in Terre Haute, Indiana • Immigrant parents • Age 14 painted RR cars – 50 cents/day • Formed American Railway Union (1893) • 1893 - Jailed for “Debs’ Revolution”; sympathy protest of Pullman RR Strike (ignore court order) • 1918(-1920) convicted under Espionage Act for criticizing the war • Ran for President of the USA 5 times for Socialist Party • 1920 Election won 3.5% of vote while in GA prison!

  5. Popular /Electoral College Votes • REPUBLICAN • 3,486,333 = 8 electors • DEMOCRATIC • 6,293,152 = 435 electors • BULL MOOSE • 4,119,207 = 88 electors • SOCIALIST • 900,369 = 0 electors

  6. Results

  7. Importance of the Election of 1912 • Presence of “third party” effected outcome of race • TR ran the role of “spoiler” (If TR couldn’t win, neither would Taft) • Split in Republican party enabled Democratic candidate to win • Ends 16 year control of White House for Republicans

  8. Actions on : CONSERVATION WW • Set up the National Parks Service • Removed 1 million acres of forest land from reserved list to allow for development • Accused of letting commercial interests exploit natural resources • His Sec. of the Interior Ballinger opened public lands in Alaska for private development • Antiquities Act of June 8, 1906 – allows President to proclaim historic landmark status to preserve areas, monuments, etc. • Made conservation a primary concern for federal government TR WHT

  9. Conservation – to use and manage the nation’s resources WISELY Gifford Pinchot Preservation – to leave the resources in the natural state; let nature take its course John Muir (founder of the Sierra Club) Controversy concerning environmental programs

  10. Actions on: Labor • In response to The Jungle, set up commission to investigate meatpacking industry • Pushed for the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act • Keating Owen Act – child labor laws • Safety Standards for maritime workers • 8 hour day for Interstate railroad workers • Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act; ultimately raised the tariff WW TR WHT

  11. Actions on: Discrimination • Women gained the right to vote with the passage of the 19th amendment • Retreated on Civil Rights • Opposed federal anti-lynching laws • Segregated federal offices and Capitol • Did little to advance Civil Rights and equality • Established idea that Federal Government is responsible for “well-being” of the nation • Failed to support Civil Rights reforms • Did appoint African Americans to federal offices • Invited Booker T. Washington to the White House for dinner WW TR WHT

  12. Actions on: Trusts • More conservative approach to reform, BUT…Actually broke up more trusts than TR did • Promised a “New Freedom” which would limit big business and big government, bring reform by ending corruption and revive competition by supporting small business WHT ww • Promised a “New Nationalism” and “Square Deal” for Americans with more government regulation of business & unions TR

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