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Cellular Respiration. Process of cell getting energy (ATP) out of glucose by breaking it down Photosynthesis creates the food source (Glucose) for all life. Relationship to Photosynthesis. Respiration is an ALMOST exact reverse reaction of photosynthesis?
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Cellular Respiration • Process of cell getting energy (ATP) out of glucose by breaking it down • Photosynthesis creates the food source (Glucose) for all life.
Relationship to Photosynthesis • Respiration is an ALMOST exact reverse reaction of photosynthesis? • The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration. • The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of respiration. Review photosynthesis equation* 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 New respiration equation* C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Who Does Respiration? • All living things perform respiration. • Animals and Fungi don’t make their own food through photosynthesis. They are heterotrophs which • Get their energy from food
Two types of organisms that respire • Anaerobes • An – without aero – oxygen • Those organisms that cannot use oxygen to break down glucose • Examples include: • Yeasts, some bacteria, mold and mildew • Aerobes • Those organisms that use oxygen to respire and break down glucose. • Examples include: • All animals, protists, most bacteria
Anaerobes • Step 1 Glycolysis – begins the breakdown of glucose resulting in high energy pyruvic acid and 2 ATP. • Step 2 Fermentation – Results in 2 more ATP 2 types: Alcoholic fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation • Type of anaerobic respiration performed by some yeasts. • Hydrogen is used to burn the pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide, ethanol and water vapor is the result. • Useful in making alcoholic products such as beer, wine, liquor and breads. • Wine is fermented grapes, beer is fermented grains, vodka is potatoes, tequila is cactus juice, etc. • The carbon dioxide is what makes bread rise in the dough. The alcohol is evaporated as the bread bakes.
Lactic Acid Fermentation • Type of respiration performed by muscle cells when oxygen is depleted during strenuous exercise (buildup causes cramps and soreness)but burns fat. • Also performed by some bacteria and is used in many dairy products, such as sour cream, cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese, buttermilk. • Bacteria break down sugar in milk and produce carbon dioxide, water and lactic acid.
ATP results of Anaerobic Respiration • 1 glucose is burned to produce 4 ATP molecules. • Glucose CO2 + H2O + ethanol or lactic acid (depending upon the food source and type of anaerobe)
Aerobes • Step 1 – Glycolysis (same as anaerobes) begins the breakdown of glucose and 2 ATP • Step 2 – Citric Acid Cycle • Completes the breakdown of glucose • Produces 2 CO2 and 2 ATP • ADP ATP • Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain – Hydrogen ions and their electrons are passed along an electron acceptor molecule and much energy is released along the way. (34 ATP)
Aerobes • Because oxygen is available more ATP is able to be produced and has a net profit of 38 ATP from every glucose burned. • Mitochondria can divide independently from the rest of the cell because it has its own DNA. Exercising increases the number of mitochondria as demand increases when you get in shape. • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
ATP results of Aerobic Respiration • 1 glucose is burned to produce 38 ATP! • 1 Glucose 38 ATP • Why do you think yeast consume many times their body weight per day compared with animals? • Because they are not as efficient at getting the energy from their food and so must eat more food to get the same required energy as aerobes.
