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Economics of Gender Chapter 1 Assist. Prof.Dr .Meltem INCE YENILMEZ

Economics of Gender Chapter 1 Assist. Prof.Dr .Meltem INCE YENILMEZ. Introduction. What is this course about? Women and their economic lives Focusing on marriage, fertility and the labor force decisions of women Explaining changes over time and variation across women within their decisions.

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Economics of Gender Chapter 1 Assist. Prof.Dr .Meltem INCE YENILMEZ

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  1. Economics of GenderChapter 1Assist.Prof.Dr.Meltem INCE YENILMEZ

  2. Introduction What is this course about? • Women and their economic lives • Focusing on marriage, fertility and the labor force decisions of women • Explaining changes over time and variation across women within their decisions

  3. Changes in Women's Lives Since 1960

  4. Why to Focus on Women? • Most economics courses are about men • From an economic standpoint, women are more interesting • This focus provides a nice way to apply the principles of economics you have already learned in ways that will enhance your understanding of economics • Topics are of a more personal nature and therefore easy to relate to

  5. Economic Analysis • Mainstream Economics • Microeconomic analysis: • Constrained optimization • Called neoclassical economics • Theories to explain • Focus on the positive versus the normative

  6. Basic Sociological Concepts • All social interaction is gendered • Status or Role? • Sociologically, status refers to a social position • Role refers to the expected behavior of a person occupying a particular status or position • Norms – Shared rules that guide behavior within a status

  7. Sociological Distinctions of Sex & Gender • Sex • Biological • We are Male or Female • Ascribed status • Gender • Social, cultural, and psychological • Masculine or Feminine • Achieved status

  8. Discussion: Is the distinction really this simple?

  9. Theoretical Perspectives: Parson & Bales’ Functionalism • Basic Ideas • “Macro” perspective • Interdependent parts • Social stability • Balance • Equilibrium • Value consensus holds society together

  10. Theoretical Perspectives:Marx & Engels’ Conflict Theory • Basic Ideas • Class based struggle for power and control • Scarce resources • The dominant want to maintain and increase resources and power • The dominated want to gain power and resources

  11. Theoretical Perspectives: Blumer’s Symbolic Interactionism • Basic Ideas • “Micro” perspective • Social interaction is a dynamic process • Importance of meaning in interactions • Definition of the situation • End point fallacy • Context of the social interaction • Social construction of reality

  12. Feminist Sociological Theory • Bridges micro-macro gap • Illuminates androcentric bias • Challenges a status quo that is disadvantageous to women • Compatible with Conflict Theory in emphasizing empowerment of women • Compatible with Symbolic Interactionism in definition of the situation and in impression management

  13. Liberal Feminism • Moderate or mainstream feminism • Cause of women’s oppression • Lack of access to equal opportunity • Solutions • Education and Achievement • Discussion: What critiques do you have of liberal feminism?

  14. Cultural Feminism • Incorporated into other branches • Cause of women’s oppression • Feminine qualities are not valued • Solution • Emphasize the positive qualities associated with women’s roles • Discussion: What critiques do you have of cultural feminism?

  15. Socialist Feminism • Based on Marxist model • Causes of women’s oppression • Capitalism and patriarchy • Solutions • Do away with capitalism, private property, and patriarchy • Men should renounce their privilege • Discussion: What critiques do you have of socialist feminism?

  16. Radical Feminism • Causes of women’s oppression • Sexism and male domination • Solutions • Separate institutions • Woman-identified society • Discussion: What critiques do you have of radical feminism?

  17. Multicultural & Global Feminism • Causes of women’s oppression • Intersection of gender, race, social class, and colonization • Historical and cultural factors •  Solution • Empowerment of women across the globe • Discussion: What critiques do you have of multicultural and global feminism?

  18. Ecofeminism • Newer branch of feminism • Cause of women’s oppression • Patriarchal domination upset earth’s ecosystem • Solution • Equality of all living things, through political action • Discussion: What critiques do you have of ecofeminism?

  19. Feminism and the Media • Media reinforces feminist stereotype • Emphasize disagreements between feminists • Seen as a joke or contempt is displayed • Election 2008 and sexism in media portrayals of: • Hillary Rodham Clinton • Sarah Palin • Michelle Obama

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