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Water resources in croatia ( water tank– šternA – source of life)

Water resources in croatia ( water tank– šternA – source of life). Danijela Banko, prof . The amount of water per inhabitant places the Republic of Croatia among the best endowed countries in Europe

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Water resources in croatia ( water tank– šternA – source of life)

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  1. Water resources in croatia(water tank– šternA – sourceof life) Danijela Banko, prof.

  2. TheamountofwaterperinhabitantplacestheRepublicof Croatia amongthe best endowedcountriesin Europe • Theaveragevolumeofthecountry’s own andtransit waters is 25,160 m3/cap/year • The total lengthof all natural andartificialwatercoursesintheareaof Croatia is 21,000 km

  3. TheriverDanube, thelargestandrichestinwater, flowsthroughtheeasternborderlandof Croatia over a lengthof 137.5 km. • Other major rivers are the Sava (562 km) andthe Drava (505 km). • Theriversofthe Adriatic catchmentarea are short, haverapidsandcanyons • There are notmanylakesin Croatia • Twoartificialstoragelakeswith a total volumeof 1,050 million m3havebeencreated as a partofhydropowerplants

  4. In spite ofextensiveresearchactivity, theknowledge on theamountandtheconditionof underground water is inconclusive • It canbeconcludedthat Croatia is a countryrichinwater, especiallyconsideringthelowpopulationdensityandmodestdemand for industrialandagriculturalwater, which is wellbelowaverageofdevelopedcountries.

  5. Vulnerabilities • Relativelyhighqualityofbothsurfaceandgroundwatercancertainlybeconsidered a positive element, with most problemsoccurringduringwarmsummerperiodswhenthe natural discharge is small, thegroundwaterlevellowandwaterdemandincreaseddue to thetourismandirrigationdemands • Central sewer systems are constructedonlyinlarge urban andindustrialcentres. Lessthen 35% ofwastewaterin Croatia is dischargedintothesewer systems andlessthan 10% is treatedinwastewatertreatmentplants

  6. Theclimatechangesinitiatedby global warminghavethepotential to cause major changesinhydrologicalprocessesandhencewateravailability • In croatia, a largeamountofwater is wasteddue to leakagesinpipes, whichleadsto a revenuelossofup to EUR 286 million (0.9% of GDP) • A possibledecreaseofrunoffanditsprobableredistributionduringtheyearwillcauseshortagesinwatersupplyinsummerseason

  7. Suchshortages are alreadybeingexperienced, since Croatia is a touristcountrywithlargeagriculturalproduction. • Demand for waterincreasesin Croatia duringthesummerandvegetationseason (from April to September). • Domesticdemandincreasesduringthedrysummertouristseason.

  8. ŠTERNA – WATER TANK • In the regionofIstriainthetime before the modernization of the water supply network people usedwatertankscalled– Šterna • It’s a local, common or householdwell for collecting, storingrainwater • Šternawasbuiltinareasweregroundwatersuppieswerenotavailable • These areas are mostly limestone, permeable soils.

  9. First public Šterna were built in the early 19th century, buried in the ground and covered with specially placed stones • Almost all townsinIstriahad (stillhave) at least one water supply tank in its center, which was the source of life in the community. • Peopleused to gatheraroundŠterna, discussing, dancing, tradefairswereorganizedaroundthem… • Today Šternais a reminder of the past and traditional way of life and as such should be protected as a cultural and historical heritage.

  10. only a few decades ago Šterna ensured to theirownerssource of life and were a sign of prosperity • No one really knows how manyŠterna are therein Istria. • Nor how manyof them still collect rainwater, how many are used as drinkingwatertanks • Peoplemostly use it today to watertheir gardens • No one is obliged to control water tanks in private and in public, if the water is not used for drinking. • After all, public drinking water containers in Istria (almost) do not exist.

  11. Peopleshouldavoidusingdrinkingwater for watering gardens, lawns, washingtheirterracesandthe like negligent use ofpotablewater; anduseŠternaiftheyhave it! Finally, Šternewillbecome more andmore popular as a valuable source of high-quality natural resource, as sources of drinking water are more vulnerable!

  12. Myfamilyšterna

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