RCOT India

1. RCOT India

2. RCOT India

3. Mohenjaro Daro • Early city-state civilization on Indus River Religion • Taken over by Aryans 1500 BCE • : Animism • Grid like streets (elements of central government) • Agricultural technology: irrigation • Writing system- not deciphered • Standardized weights and measures

4. Conquest of Alexander the Great • Hellenism: Greek with other interactions (cultures) included

5. Maurya Empire 324 BCE—184 BCE • Begins after fall of Alexander the Great • India's 1st centralized empire: conquered most of India; southern region resisted • Large army—infantry, cavalry, bureaucratic administration (taxes, census) • Standard coinage throughout empire trade expansion in empire • Economy: agriculture, esp. near rivers, shipbuilding, government controlled mines, manufacture of weapons • Dhows were used in the IOMS  thriving • IOMS trade (Gujarat coast—western India) • Greatest ruler Ashoka- converts to Buddhism after seeing aftermath of terrible battle; est. just legal code (see “Wheel of Law’) • Asoka’s Buddhist philosophy preached morality, moderation, and religious tolerance • Falls in 184 CE due to pressure and attacks from the north and west

6. Gupta Dynasty 320 CE – 550 CE • S:Convert from Buddhism back to Hinduism • Most women lost right to own or inherit property; sati ritual developed • but Women of high status better lifestyle, trained in arts • P: Subordinate kingdoms- made payments; administrative bureaucracy: (taxes); powerful army • I:Reached across Northern and Central India, west to Punjab, east to Bengal, north to Kashmir, south to Deccan Plateau • C: Golden Age: Concept zero, ‘Arabic’ numerals, brain surgery • E:Early IOMS trade routes with Arabian peninsula • Coined money= way of exchange

7. Delhi Sultanate • Post Classical Era • Could fire cross bows on moving horses due to iron stirrups • Muslims who conquered Hindu India violently  Muslim /Hindu conflicts • Justification Muslims monotheism vs. Hindu polytheism Sultan Raziya • Gujarati; briefly held Southern tip of Indian peninsula • Gujarat prospered during rise of Delhi sultanate • Peasants paid 50% of harvest taxes

8. Mughal Empire • Akbar’s “Divine Faith” = syncretism of beliefs • TajMahal (tomb for Akbar’s wife) • Outlawed Sati • Begins in age of exploration and into age of Revolutions • Aurangzeb’s intolerance instability and weakening of Mughal India • Ends because of Sepoy Rebellion (cow fat) • Founded by Babur • Akbar eliminate tax on Hindus

9. British Imperialism in India and South Asia • British Domination divided religious group • Different voting qualifications for Hindu’s and Muslims 1906 • All India Muslim league (Muslims scared of Hindu dominance) • Age of revolutions • Many obtain sense of national autonomy • Ruled by viceroy apt by government • Country administers by Indian civil service • Encouraged railroads, harbors, telegraphs • Discouraged cotton/steel industries • Limit training of Indian engineers • 1885 Indian National congress • Viceroy lord Curzon divided Bengal in two • Little political representation • Encouraged infrastructure beneficial to British

10. Indian Independence and the Creation of Pakistan • Sepoys rebellion 1857 (gun cartridge greased with pig/cow fat-mutiny-India British Rail • Indian National Congress 1885 9upperclass Hindus call for Indian self rule • Amritsar massacre 1919 (Sikh's protest- troops ordered to fire-400 dead—Point of View of British Imperialism) • Gandhi (did not support nationalist move until Massacre) • Salt March 1930 9indian declaration of independence) • India/ Pakistan in 1947 • Gandhi- joined Indian National congress (became appealed to poor) • Leader of Indian independent movement • Nonviolence, peaceful protests civil disobedience, fasting • Nehru took over Indian national congress after Gandhi died • Salt march 1930

11. India