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Rhetorical Terms #2

Rhetorical Terms #2 . Logical Fallacies: ad hoc, ad hominem , begging the question. Logical Fallacies. Fallacy (n.) a misleading or false notion Logical Fallacy – an error in reasoning. Ad hoc. Ad hoc ( L.)  “to this”

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Rhetorical Terms #2

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  1. Rhetorical Terms #2 Logical Fallacies: ad hoc, ad hominem, begging the question

  2. Logical Fallacies • Fallacy (n.) a misleading or false notion • Logical Fallacy – an error in reasoning

  3. Ad hoc • Ad hoc (L.) “to this” • Def: When an argument or idea has proven to be untrue, the original arguer concocts an entirely new justification for belief. • P1: The invasion of Iraq is justified because they had WMD’s • P2: But no WMD’s were found, and the UN never believed they had any. • P1: Well, we needed to spread democracy in the Middle East.

  4. Ad hoc, additional examples • Teacher: Doing all the study guides will guarantee a high grade on the test. • Student: I did all the study guides, and I still failed. • Teacher: You must have been drinking while studying. • Televangelist/Motivational Speaker: If you send me $100 dollars, you will see your problems go away. • Skeptic: My grandmother sent you $200 dollars, and she was run down by a band of Ostriches. • T/MS: She must not have really believed.

  5. Ad hominem • Ad hominem (L.)  at the person • Def: a distracting argument that attacks the arguer, not the issue or the claim. • Professor James claims that sea levels are going to rise, but can we trust a man who has such a horrible drinking problem? • Not all personal attacks are ad hominem, only when they are meant to distract

  6. Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning • Reasoning: Known(Premise)Unknown (Conclusion) • Begging the Question: Substituting the premise for the conclusion. P1: You can trust me. P2: How do I know? P1: Because I’m honest.

  7. Begging the Question, examples • P1: Everyone should eat almonds; they’re good for you. • P2: How can you be sure? • P2: Because they’re healthy.

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