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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis. Bobby Parker. Overview. Definitions Epidemiology Symptoms Treatment Effects of Exercise Testing Prescription Conclusion References. http:// www.beautyhealthwomen.com /benefits-in-women. Video. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ. Definitions.

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Osteoporosis

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  1. Osteoporosis Bobby Parker

  2. Overview • Definitions • Epidemiology • Symptoms • Treatment • Effects of Exercise • Testing • Prescription • Conclusion • References http://www.beautyhealthwomen.com/benefits-in-women

  3. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ

  4. Definitions • Osteoporosis is a bone disease that thins skeletal bone tissue losing bone density over time • There is no cure for low bone mass and osteoporosis, successful management is possible • Osteoporosis is directly related to Osteopenia referring to bone mineral density (BMD) that is lower than normal peak BMD

  5. Epidemiology • Currently it is estimated that over 200 million people worldwide suffer from this disease • Researchers estimate that about 1 out of 5 American women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis. About half of all women over the age of 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra (bones of the spine). • Women can lose up to 20% of their bone mass in the five to seven years after menopause

  6. Epidemiology • Approximately 30% of all postmenopausal women have osteoporosis in the United States and in Europe • In 2005, the cost associated with osteoporosis-related fractures was estimated at $19 billion • By 2025, the costs are expected to rise to approximately $25.3 billion.

  7. Epidemiology Image http://www.iofbonehealth.org/bonehealth/epidemiology

  8. Symptoms • There are no symptoms in the early stages. You will not notice any pain or changes as the bones become thinner! • In the later stages, symptoms include bone pain/tenderness, fractures, loss of height, low back/neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones, Stooped posture (kyphosis) • Since your bones are getting thinner, there is an increase risk of breaking a bone because the bone is less dense.

  9. Osteoporosis Images Normal bone Matrix Osteoporosis http://www.doctortipster.com/1333-osteoporosis.html

  10. Risk Factors • Older age • Gender (females have a higher percentage) • Family History • Smoking • Alcohol Consumption • Low Calcium and Vitamin D intake • Low lean body mass • Diseases (anorexia, bulimia, asthma, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, etc.)

  11. Diagnosis • DEXA Scan (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry) is the most common • Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) • The World Health Organization (WHO) Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAXTM). It’s available online and can be used to determine the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture

  12. Images http://www.gorhams.dk/html/what_is_dexa_scanning.html

  13. Prescription The National Osteoporosis Foundation suggest the following five steps that together optimize bone health and help prevent osteoporosis • Obtain the recommended, age-related amount of calcium and vitamin D per day • Engage in regular weight-bearing and muscle strengthening exercises • Avoid Tobacco and excess alcohol • Education about bone health • Having a bone density examination/taking medication when recommended

  14. Medication • Antiresorptive medications: • Bisphosphonates (alendronate and alendronate plus vitamin D3) • Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or estrogen agonists • Raloxifene, which is FDA approved for osteoporosis in post menopausal women) • Bone Forming (Anabolic) medications: • Teriparatide(Forteo which is a form of parathyroid hormone) • Limited time on for postmenopausal women and men with very low bone mineral density

  15. Effects on Exercise • Mechanical limitations imposed on respiratory muscle functions in individuals with severe thoracic kyphosis • For those who only complication is low bone mass, standardized exercise testing with precautions to minimize the risk of falling during the test is recommended • Regular aerobic, weight-bearing, and resistance exercise training has been shown to have a positive effect on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine in post menopausal women

  16. Exercise Testing

  17. Exercise Testing (cont.)

  18. Exercise Programming

  19. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CluxTHfi-AE&feature=fvst

  20. Summary and Conclusion • Osteoporosis is the thinning of the bone tissue and loss of bone density over time • There is no symptoms in the early stages • There is no cure • Exercising and eliminating risk factors can help prevent and manage Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

  21. References • American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). L. Dustrine, P. Painter, G. Moore & S. Roberts (Eds.), Illinois : Human Kinetics. • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/ • http://www.iofbonehealth.org/bonehealth/epidemiology • http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410461 • http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/502984_5 • http://www.hazletonhealthandwellness.org • http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/guide/osteoporosis-diagnosis-tests

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